50-52.] NOTES. 133 



Page 52, 1. 1. present and entire, ready and undistracted. 



1. 3. as Agrippa said, the Christian Paul was brought for 

 trial before the Roman governor Agrippa, who, on hearing the 

 prisoner's defence, said to him, "Almost thou persuadest me to 

 be a Christian." 



1. 7. The first divine brothers, for an explanation of ' divine,' 

 see on p. 47, 1. 20. It was customary for a Roman emperor to 

 associate some colleague with him in the government, who re 

 ceived the title of Caesar. Marcus Aurelius took for his colleague 

 L. Commodus Verus, who was, like himself, an adopted son of 

 Antoninus Pius. This was the first time that the Emperor and 

 the Caesar had been brothers. Bacon's estimate of the virtues of 

 the Antonines is a true one : and his opinion of the prosperity of 

 the Roman world during the period under discussion is confirmed 

 by Gibbon, who says, " If a man were called to fix the period in 

 the history of the world, during which the condition of the 

 human race was most happy and prosperous, lie would, without 

 hesitation, name that which elapsed from the death of Domitian 

 to the accession of Commodus. The vast extent of the Roman 

 world was governed by absolute power, under the guidance of 

 virtue and wisdom. The labours of these monarchs were over 

 paid .... by the exquisite delight of beholding the general 

 happiness of which they were the authors." Ch. 3. 



1. 15. Julianus, p. 45, 1. 26. For an account of his book, see 

 Gibbon, ch. 24. 



1. 16. pasquin, a satire. The word originally signified a cer 

 tain post in Rome to which libels and defamatory verses were 

 affixed. -W. 



1. 19. nether, lower. 



1. 20. Marcus Philosophus, Marcus Aurelius, named the philoso 

 pher. He was a strict disciple of the Stoic School. He has left 

 a volume of Meditations, for an account of which see Matthew 

 Arnold's Essays in Criticism. 



1. 21. gravelled, puzzled, out of countenance, taken back. 

 Silenus was a drunken companion of the god of wine. 



1. 23. he gave a glance at, he hinted at, cf. p. 49, 1. 30. his 

 wife, see on p. 24, 1. 11. 



1. 24. continued with, succeeding to. 



1. 30. Let the name, etc. The name Augustus was originally a 

 personal title, assumed by the first emperor : but it was after 

 wards adopted as an official title by all his successors. The 

 Senate wished to commemorate the virtues of Antoninus by 

 making his name one of the permanent imperial titles. 



1. 34. addition, title, style, official designation. 



1. 35. the Church, it appears on the contrary that the Christians 



