ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING 91 



Another error to be noticed in the present academical system 

 is the separation between invention and memory, their exer 

 cises either being nothing but a set form of words, where 

 no play is given to the understanding, or extemporaneous, 

 in the delivery of which no room is left to the memory. 

 In practical life, however, a blending of the powers of judg 

 ment and memory is alone put into requisition, so that these 

 practices, not being adapted to the life of action, rather 

 pervert than discipline the mind. This defect is sooner dis 

 covered by scholars than by others, when they come to the 

 practice of the civil professions. We may conclude our 

 observations on university reform, with the expression of 

 Caesar in his letter to Oppius and Balbus: &quot;Hoc quemad- 

 modum fieri possit, nonnulla mihi in mentem veniunt, et 

 multa reperiri possunt: de iis rebus rogo vos, ut cogita- 

 tionem suscipiatis. &quot; 7 



The next want I discover is the little sympathy and cor 

 respondence which exists between colleges and universities, 

 as well throughout Europe as in the same state and king 

 dom. In this we have an example in many orders and so 

 dalities, which, though scattered over several sovereignties 

 and territories, yet enter into a kind of contract, fraternity, 

 and correspondence with one another, and are associated 

 under common provincials and generals. And, surely, as 

 nature creates brotherhood in families, and trades contract 

 brotherhood in communities, 8 and the anointment of Grod 

 established a brotherhood in kings and bishops, in like 

 manner there should spring up a fraternity in learning, an 

 illumination, relating to that paternity which is attributed 

 to God, who is called the Father of lights. 



Lastly, I may lament that no fit men have been engaged 

 to forward those sciences which yet remain in an unfinished 



7 Cic. ad Att. ix. 7. 



8 The original is sodality, or guild societies, which had their origin in the 

 Middle Ages, when members of the same calling formed a common fund arid 

 joined in certain spiritual exercises, taking a saint for their patron out of the 

 Roman calendar. These institutions have since become commercial. Ed. 



