ADVANCEMENT OF LEARNING 235 



CHAPTEK IV 



The Art of Judgment divided into Induction and the Syllogism. Induction 

 developed in the Novum Organum. The Syllogism divided into Direct 

 and Inverse Reduction. Inverse Reduction divided into the Doctrine 

 of Analytics and Confutations. The division of the latter into Confu 

 tations of Sophisms, the Unmasking of Vulgarisms (Equivocal Terms), 

 and the Destruction of Delusive Images or Idols. Delusive Appear 

 ances divided into Idola Trib&s, Idola Specus, and Idola Fori. Appen 

 dix to the Art of Judgment. The Adapting the Demonstration to the 

 Nature of the Subject 



WE COME now to the art of judgment, which treats 

 of the nature of proof or demonstration. This 

 art, as it is commonly received, concludes either 

 by induction or syllogism: for enthymemes and examples 

 are only abridgments of these two. As to judgment by 

 induction, we need not be large upon it, because what is 

 sought we both find and judge of, by the same operation 

 of the mind. Nor is the matter here transacted by a 

 medium, but directly almost in the same manner as by the 

 sense; for sense, in its primary objects, at once seizes the 

 image of the object, and assents to the truth of it. It is 

 otherwise in syllogism, whose proof is not direct, but me 

 diate; and, therefore, the invention of the medium is one 

 thing, and judgment, as to the consequence of an argument, 

 another for the mind first casts about, and afterward ac 

 quiesces. But for the corrupt form of induction, we en 

 tirely ignore it, and refer the genuine one to our method 

 of interpreting nature. And thus much of judgment by 

 induction. 



The other by syllogism is worn by the file of many 



1 An enthymeme is no other than a syllogism of two propositions, the third 

 being supplied by the mind, as the word itself imports. Ed. 



