I PROLEGOMENA 11 



works of man's hands, from a flint implement to 

 a cathedral or a chronometer ; and it is because 

 it is true, that we call these things artificial, 

 term them works of art, or artifice, by way of 

 distinguishing them from the products of the cosmic 

 process, working outside man, which we call 

 natural, or works of nature. The distinction thus 

 drawn between the works of nature and those of 

 man, is universally recognised ; and it is, as I 

 conceive, both useful and justifiable. 



Ill 



No doubt, it may be properly urged that 

 the operation of human energy and intelligence, 

 which has brought into existence and maintains 

 the garden, by what I have called " the horticul 

 tural process," is, strictly speaking, part and parcel 

 of the cosmic process. And no one could more 

 readily agree to that proposition than I. In fact, 

 I do not know that any one has taken more 

 pains than I have, during the last thirty years, to 

 insist upon the doctrine, so much reviled in the 

 early part of that period, that man, physical, 

 intellectual, and moral, is as much a part of 

 nature, as purely a product of the cosmic process, 

 as the humblest weed. 1 



But if, following up this admission, it is urged 



1 See " Man's Place in Nature," Collected Essays, vol. vii., and 

 "On the Struggle for Existence in Human Society " (1888), below. 



