54 



THE FLORISTS MANUAL. 



inexpensive, is good enough for this pur 

 pose. 



Each plant is then confined in a square 

 made by* the wire and string. To keep 

 the wires from sagging you will want a 

 lath across the bed at intervals, and 

 strong wooden supports to fasten the 

 wires to at each end of the bed. Another 

 tier of this arrangement must be added 

 as the plants grow, and with some va 

 rieties even a third will be needed eight 

 een inches above the soil. This plan 



The rust was a few years ago most 

 discouraging. There are few varieties 

 now grown that are troubled with the 

 rust. There have been many mixtures 

 advocated for its cure or prevention, 

 chief of which is the Bordeaux mixture 

 with which we sprayed the plants. Lit 

 tle heed is now given to any cure for 

 the rust, many believing that the cure 

 was as bad as the disease, yet the rust 

 is disappearing, and troubles us little; 

 not because we have killed the disease 



mixture you can obtain it in pulp form 

 and dilute it as you need it. Benj. 

 Hammond, Fishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y., 

 prepares the pulp in convenient sized 

 cans and saves you the trouble of mak 

 ing it. I believe that one pipe on each 

 side of the house painted with sulphur 

 is of great assistance in keeping down 

 both red spider and rust. I saw this 

 demonstrated in the case of a house of 

 Daybreak in my neighborhood. They 

 were in a house formerly used for roses 

 and overhead was a 3-inch flow pipe, 

 which had been about covered with sul 

 phur for the benefit of the roses. While 

 several establishments on every side of 

 this house had their Daybreak black 

 with rust, not a grain of it appeared in 

 this house, and- this was for the three 

 years during which the rust was most 

 troublesome. No other preventive than 

 this unconscious one was used. 



Time of Planting. 



No feature in carnation growing has 

 undergone such a change as the time 

 of getting them from the field to the 

 houses. From end of September twenty- 

 five years ago the lifting time has been 

 moved year by year forward till now 

 early July is the time our best growers, 

 lift their plants from the field, and from 

 what we have observed and from our 

 experience the past two years the first or 

 second week of July is the time. If 

 you could lift them all at once we would 

 say let that be done about July 10, 

 but it necessarily must take a week or 



answers every purpose, s is very inexpen 

 sive, is quickly applied and altogether 

 satisfactory, but it is not nearly equal in 

 neatness, convenience, or for the growth 

 of the plants as the &quot;Model&quot; support, 

 whose only defect now is its first cost. 

 But its cost spread over three years 

 would make it the cheapest of all 

 methods. 



Insects and Diseases. 



For many years we had no pests to 

 contend with except our common enemies, 

 the aphis and red spider. Some years 

 ago the rust was imported and be 

 came a great scare. Several other dis 

 eases were lectured upon, and the dis 

 ease and its causes illustrated till we 

 thought the cultivation of the carnation 

 was doomed. 



Tobacco smoke destroys the aphis and 

 a light fumigation should be often given. 

 There is no neglect more inexcusable 

 than allowing your carnations to become 

 infested with aphis, and their attacks 

 result in the greatest harm to the plants. 

 They puncture the leaves, disrupt the 

 cellular tissue and weaken the plant. 

 Tobacco smoke, burning tobacco dust 

 and diluted nicotine sprayed on the 

 plants are all used to keep down the 

 aphis. We have not seen red spider 

 for several seasons, although never 

 syringing. More air, more room, and 

 perhaps the sulphur which is put on the 

 heating pipes frequently may have 

 helped to prevent the spider from flour 

 ishing. If it does appear in May, syring 

 ing is the best cure, but it is difficult 

 to dislodge. 



Mr. Dorner s Method of Tying. 



or its spores, but because we have bet 

 ter understanding of the conditions least 

 favorable to the rust s existence, chief 

 of which are absence of moisture on the 

 leaf, air and light between the plants, 

 more and better ventilation, earlier 

 planting and more vigor of growth. 



With the exception of dipping the 

 cuttings before and after being in the 

 sand we leave fungicides alone. We 

 use the ammoniacal mixture for the pur 

 pose, but if you prefer the Bordeaux 



two, so begin at the first of July. There 

 are several good reasons why this early 

 planting is the thing, and let us re 

 mark that early lifting calls for early 

 propagftting and getting them into the 

 field in *the early days of May, or, per 

 haps, in more favored latitudes, the last 

 days of April. This seven or eight 

 weeks in the open ground has given them 

 a robustness; they have laid the foun 

 dation for sturdy plants ; they have made 

 a good ball of roots, but they are not 



