CHAP. v. HUMAN AND SIMIAN BRAINS. 91 



more receding forehead, more prominent superciliary ridges, 

 and more largely developed prominences and furrows for 

 the attachment of muscles ; the face also, and its lines, are 

 larger proportionally. The brain is somewhat less voluminous 

 on the average in the lower races of mankind, its convolu 

 tions rather less complicated, and those of the two hemi 

 spheres more symmetrical, in all which points an approach 

 is made to the simian type. It will also be seen, by reference 

 to the late Dr. Morton's works, and by the foregoing state 

 ments of Professor Huxley, that the range of capacity between 

 the highest and lowest human brain is far greater than that 

 between the highest simian and lowest human brain; but 

 the Neanderthal skull, although in several respects it is more 

 ape-like than any human skull previously discovered, is, in 

 regard to capacity, by no means contemptible. 



Eminent anatomists have shown that in the average pro 

 portions of some of the bones the Negro differs from the 

 European, and that in most of these characters, he makes a 

 slightly nearer approach to the anthropoid quadrumana;* 

 but Professor Schaaffhausen has pointed out that in these 



* ' The inferior races of mankind relatively, a little longer ; the foot is 

 exhibit proportions which are in many an eighth, and the hand a twelfth 

 respects intermediate between the longer than in the European. It is 

 higher, or European, orders, and the well known that the foot is less well 

 monkeys. In the Negro, for instance, formed in the Negro than in the 

 the stature is less than in the Euro- European. The arch of the instep, 

 pean. The cranium, as is well known, the perfect conformation of which is 

 bears a small proportion to the face. essential to steadiness and ease of 

 Of the extremities the upper are pro- gait, is less elevated in the former 

 portionately longer, and there is, in than in the latter. The foot is 

 both upper and lower, a less marked thereby rendered flatter as well as 

 preponderance of the proximal over the longer, more nearly resembling the 

 distal segments. For instance, in the monkey's, between which and the 

 Negro, the thigh and arm are rather European, there is a marked differ- 

 shorter than in the European ; the leg ence in this particular.' From ' A 

 is actually of equal length in both Treatise on the Human Skeleton' by 

 races, and is therefore, relatively, a Dr. Humphry, Lecturer on Surgery 

 little longer in the Negro ; the fore-arm and Anatomy in the Cambridge Uni- 

 in the latter is actually, as well as versity Medical School, p. 91 



