172 OSSIFEROUS CAYES IN SOUTH WALES. CHAP. x. 



topography of the district since the time of the extinct 

 quadrupeds. I was not aware at the time that flint tools 

 had been met with in the same bone-deposit. 



Caves of Gower in Glamorganshire, South Wales. 



The ossiferous caves of the peninsula of Grower in Gla 

 morganshire have been diligently explored of late years by 

 Dr. Falconer and Lieutenant-Colonel E. K. Wood, the latter 

 of whom has discovered and thoroughly investigated the con 

 tents of many which were previously unknown. Among 

 their contents have been found the remains of almost every 

 quadruped elsewhere found fossil in British caves : in some 

 places the JElephas primigenius, accompanied by its usual 

 companion the Rhinoceros tichorhinus, in others Elephas 

 antiquus associated with Rhinoceros hemitoschus Falconer ; 

 the extinct animals being often embedded, as in the Belgian 

 caves, in the same matrix with species now living in Europe, 

 such as the common badger (Melee taxus), the common wolf, 

 and the fox. 



In a cavernous fissure called the Raven's cliff, teeth of 

 several individuals of Hippopotamus major, both young and 

 old, were found ; and this in a district where there is now 

 scarce a rill of running water, much less a river in which such 

 quadrupeds could swim. In one of the caves, called Spritsail 

 Tor, both of the elephants above named were observed, 

 with a great many other quadrupeds of recent and extinct 

 species. 



From one fissure, called Bosco's Den, no less than one thou 

 sand antlers of the rein-deer, chiefly of the variety called 

 Cervus Guettardi, were extracted by the persevering ex 

 ertions of Colonel Wood, who estimated that several hundred 

 more still remained in the bone-earth of the same rent. 



They were mostly shed horns, and of young animals ; and 



