CHAP. x. BONES OF MAMMALIA FOUND AT AURIGNAC. 185 



fingers and thumb being placed in the two opposite depressions 

 during the operation. Among the bone instruments were 

 arrows without barbs, and other tools made of rein-deer 

 horn, and a bodkin formed out of the more compact horn 

 of the roe-deer. This instrument was well shaped, and 

 sharply pointed, and in so good a state of preservation 

 that it might still be used for piercing the tough skins of 

 animals. 



Scattered through the same ashes and earth were the 

 bones of the various species of animals enumerated in the 

 subjoined lists, with the exception of two, marked with 

 an asterisk, which only occurred in the interior of the 

 grotto : 



1. CARNIVORA. 



Number of individuals. 



1. Ursus spel&us (cave-bear) 5 - - 6 



2. Ursus Arctos ? (brown bear) . . 1 



3. Meles Taxus (badger) 1 2 



4. Putorius vulgaris (polecat) . . 1 

 5.*Felis spel&a (cave-lion) 1 



6. Felis Catus ferus (wild cat) .... 1 



7. Hyana spelcea (cave-hyaena) . . . .5 6 



8. Canis Lupus (wolf) 3 



9. Canis Vulpes (fox) U8 20 



2. HERBIVORA. 



1. Elephas primigenius (mammoth, two molars). 



2. Ehinoceros tichorhinus (Siberian rhinoceros) . 1 



3. Equus Cabcdlus (horse) 12 15 



4. Equus Asinus ? (ass) 1 



5.*Sus Scrofa (pig, two incisors). 



6. Cervus Elephas (stag) 1 



7. Megaceros hybernicus (gigantic Irish deer) . . 1 



8. G. Capreolus (roebuck) 3 4 



9. C. Tarandus (reindeer) 10 12 



10. Bison europ&us (aurochs) 12 15 



The bones of the herbivora were the most numerous, and 

 all those on the outside of the grotto which had contained 

 marrow were invariably split open, as if for its extraction, many 



