CHAP. xii. OF NORFOLK CLIFFS. 219 



late Mr. Trimmer, the glacial drift in the cliffs at Lowestoff 

 consists of two divisions, the lower of which abounds in the 

 Scandinavian blocks, supposed to have come from the 

 north-east ; while the upper, probably brought by a current 

 from the north-west, contains chiefly fragments of oolitic rocks, 

 more rolled than those of the lower deposit. The united 

 thickness of the two divisions without reckoning some 

 interposed laminated beds, is eighty feet, but it probably ex 

 ceeds one hundred feet near Happisburgh.* Although these 

 subdivisions of the drift may be only of local importance, they 

 help to show the changes of currents and other conditions, 

 and the great lapse of time which the accumulation of so 

 varied a series of deposits must have required. 



The lowest part of the glacial till, resting on the laminated 

 clays before mentioned, is very even and regular, while its 

 upper surface is remarkable for the unevenness of its outline, 

 owing partly, in all likelihood, to denudation, but still more 

 to other causes presently to be discussed. 



The overlying strata of sand and gravel, No. 5, p. 213, often 

 display a most singular derangement in their stratification, 

 which in many places seems to have a very intimate re 

 lation to the irregularities of outline in the subjacent till. 

 There are some cases, however, -where the upper strata are 

 much bent, while the lower beds of the same series have con 

 tinued horizontal. Thus the annexed section (fig. 29) 

 represents a cliff about fifty feet high, at the bottom of which 

 is till, or unstratified clay, containing boulders, having an 

 even horizontal surface, on which repose conformably beds of 

 laminated clay and sand about five feet thick, which, in their 

 turn, are succeeded by vertical, bent, and contorted layers of 

 sand and loam twenty feet thick, the whole being covered by 

 flint gravel. The curves of the variously coloured beds of 



* Quarterly Geological Journal, vol. vii. p. 21. 



