CHAP. XIIT. ORGANIC REMAINS IN SCOTCH BOULDER CLAY. 251 



The remainder is still preserved in the museum at Edinburgh, 

 but by exposure to the air it has shrunk considerably.* In 

 1817, two other tusks and some bones of the elephant, as we 

 learn from the same authority (Mr. Bald), were met with, 

 three and a half feet long and thirteen inches in circumference, 

 lying in an horizontal position, seventeen feet deep in clay, 

 with marine shells, at Kilmaurs, in Ayrshire. The species of 

 shells are not given. f 



In another excavation through the Scotch boulder clay, made 

 in digging the Clyde and Forth Junction Railway, the antlers 

 of a reindeer were found at Croftamie, in Dumbartonshire, 

 in the basin of the river Endrick, which flows into Loch 

 Lomond. They had cut through twelve feet of till with 

 angular and rounded stones, some of large size, and then 

 through six feet of underlying clay, when they came upon 

 the deer's horns, eighteen feet from the surface, and within 

 a foot of the sandstone on which the till rested. At the 

 distance of a few yards, and in the same position, but a foot 

 or two deeper, were observed marine shells, Cyprina is- 

 landica, Astarte elliptica, A. compressa, Fusus antiquus, 

 Littorina littorea, and a Balanus. The height above the 

 level of the sea was between one hundred and one hundred 

 and three feet. The reindeer's horn was seen by Professor 

 Owen, who considered it to be that of a young female of the 

 large variety, called by the Hudson's Bay trappers the 

 carabou. 



The remains of elephants, now in the museums of Glasgow 

 and Edinburgh, purporting to come from the superficial 

 deposits of Scotland have been referred to Mephas pri- 

 migenius. In cases where tusks alone have been found 

 unaccompanied by molar teeth, such specific determinations 

 may be uncertain ; but if any one specimen be correctly 



* Memoirs of the Wernerian Society, Edinburgh, vol. iv. p. 58. 

 f Ibid., vol. iv. p. 63. 



