CHAP. XXTV. COMMON TO MAN AND THE APES. 479 



as affording in the mammalia the most trustworthy indica 

 tions of affinity, namely, the dentition. 



' The number of teeth in the Gorilla and all the Old World 

 monkeys except the lemurs is thirty-two, the same as in 

 Man, and the general pattern of their crowns the same. 

 But besides other distinctions, the canines in all but Man 

 project in the upper or lower jaws almost like tusks. But all 

 the American apes have four more teeth in their permanent 

 set, or thirty-eight in all, so that they differ in this respect 

 more from the Old World apes than do these last from Man. 



If therefore, by reference to this character, we place Man 

 in a separate order, we must make several orders for the 

 apes, monkeys, and lemurs, and so, in regard to the structure 

 of the hands and feet before alluded to, ( the Gorilla differs 

 far more from some of the quadrumana than he differs from 

 Man.' Indeed, Professor Huxley contends that there is more 

 difference between the hand and foot of the Gorilla and those 

 of the Orang, one of the anthropomorphous apes, than 

 between those of the Gorilla and Man, for 'the thumb 

 of the Orang differs by its shortness and by the absence of 

 any special long flexor muscle from that of the Gorilla more 

 than it differs from that of Man.' The carpus also of the 

 Orang, like that of most lower apes, contains nine bones, 

 while in the Gorilla, as in Man and the Chimpanzee, there are 

 only eight.' Other characters are also given to show that 

 the Orang's foot separates it more widely from the Gorilla 

 than that of the Gorilla separates that ape from Man. In 

 some of the lower apes, the divergence from the human type 

 of hand and foot, as well as from those of the Gorilla, is still 

 greater, as, for example, in the spider-monkey and marmoset.* 



If the muscles, viscera, or any other part of the animal 

 fabric, including the brain, be compared, the results are 

 declared to be similar. 



* Huxley, ibid. p. 29. 





