GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 819 



stitution of tlieir own characters or symbols, through which change the 

 signification of the legend upon the prototype is lost, and would no 

 longer be recognized by the authors thereof. 



I have already referred to the coinage of the Britons, as treated in 

 the admirable work of Doctor John Evans, 1 to which the reader is 

 referred for full details and ample illustrations in support of the sug 

 gestions ventured below. 



I have had occasion to refer to British coins bearing the figure of the 

 horse, with additional legs to denote that more than one such animal 

 was intended. Such practice of representing a part for the whole, or 

 vice versa, was referred to as synecdoche, and as being common to the 

 pictographic records of the North American Indians. 



On plate 43, fig. 3, is the representation of an un in scribed British 

 gold coin, upon the reverse ot which appears the outline of a horse, 

 each leg divided into two, so as to resemble in fact, give eight legs, 

 and suggesting the two horses noticeable upon the obverse of the typical 

 prototype, as shown in fig. 1 on the same plate. Now, looking at the 

 legs of the horse on the reverse of fig. l , there will be seen the same 

 number of legs, with the exception that the engraver of this piece has 

 united each pair at the fetlocks, so as to terminate in one hoof, instead 

 of two hoofs, as in some other examples. 



In the specimens of the same series of coins the successive copying 

 of designs has resulted in solid legs instead of by pairs, thus returning 

 to a pattern on which but a single animal is portrayed. 



But to return from this digression. It is necessary to show how the 

 original patterns came to be employed by the designers for the British 

 coins. It has been pretty clearly proven by Doctor John Evans, Mr. 

 Hawkins, and others, that the ancient Britons were possessed of money 

 long before the time of Cfpsar s visit. The distinct mention of money 



1 &quot;The Coins of the Ancient Britons.&quot; London: 1864-1890. 



See also Adamson s Account of the discovery at Hexham, in Northumberland, of 

 Anglo-Saxon coins called Stycas. Royal Society of Antiquarians of London [1834?]. 

 Illustrations of 941 coins. 



Doctor Stukeley s &quot; Twenty- three plates of the Coins of the Ancient British Kings/ 

 London. [1765.] 



Doctor Evans remarks that &quot;the coins themselves are most inaccurately drawn/ 

 yet they are interesting as showing a certain degree of evolution and alteration of 

 characters \vhich the engravers copied or attempted to copy from the prototypes. 



Nummorum Antiquorum Scriniis Bodleianis Ricouditorum Catalogue cum com- 

 mentario tabulis a neis et appondice. [Oxonii ?] A. D. 1750. Plates. 



Numiui Britannici, of interest in present connection, are shown on Plate XVI. 



Annals of the Coinage of Britain, by the Rev. Rogers Rudiiig, B. D. 4 vols. 

 London, 1819. Plates and map. 



The Silver Coins of England, by Edward Hawkins, F. R. S., etc. London, 1887. 

 8. Plates and map. Gives illustrations of British coins similarto other derivatives 

 of the Macedonian Phillipus. 



Celtic Inscriptions on Gaulish and British Coins. Beale Poste. London, 1861. 

 Plates i-xi. 



