GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 829 



short incisions, eack one-sixteenth of an inch in length. Surrounding 

 the central perforation is a quadrilateral figure conforming to the out 

 line of the ornament, consisting of three incised lines one-sixteenth of 

 an inch apart. Upon the inner sides of the square are similar short 

 lines directed upward toward the interior, as upon the inner line of the 

 outer square. 



In plate 51, fig. 2, also from Norton Sound, the ornamentation con 

 sists of eight lines running parallel with the four outer borders, the 

 interior space about the central perforation being blank. 



In plate 51, fig. 3, also from Norton Sound, the ornamentation becomes 

 a little more complex. The two sets of parallel lines around the inte 

 rior form a square. Within each set of lines thus drawn are markings 

 so placed as to form a crude zigzag resulting from the short lines pro 

 jecting alternately outward and inward by a process resembling what 

 might be termed interdigitation. This has some resemblance to or sug 

 gests the Papuan patterns, to which reference is made elsewhere. The 

 interior space about the central perforation is ornamented by two lines 

 forming a cross. 



In plate 51, fig. 4, there is shown a buckle from Pinuit, Alaska, and 

 both lines and dots are employed in ornamenting the surface. The 

 squares are present as in the preceding record, while small perforations 

 occupy the space between the groups of lines. 



In plate 51, fig. 5, from Norton Sound, the outer border consists of 

 two decorated figures, while surrounding the central perforation are six 

 concentric rings, four short lines diverging from the outer ring toward 

 the outer angles of the ornament. From the inner angle of the inner 

 quadrilateral figure are four short lines, each terminating in a V-shaped 

 figure, or bifurcation, rudely resembling the conventionalized whale tail, 

 though in this instance more likely denoting a tree, as it also represents 

 a conventionalized tree figure. 



In plate 51, fig. 6, from Prernorska two series of lines are drawn, with 

 the difference, however, that instead of bearing additional ornamenta 

 tion between the two quadrilateral figures the ornamentation consists 

 of nucleated circles, three upon each side, while within the inner 

 square and surrounding the central perforation are three concentric 

 rings. The space beyond the outer ring and the angle of the inner 

 square is filled with small figures consisting of a spot surrounded by 

 two concentric rings. 



Upon plate 52 are shown thirteen figures of needle cases or snuff 

 tubes, upon which are shown various styles of ornamentation. The 

 specimen at the extreme left, from the Lower Yukon, is octagonal, 

 while the next shows a series of rings produced by filing, as in the 

 fourth figure, and to a certain extent in the last. The encircling hands 

 upon figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 illustrate in various ways the rudimentary 

 forms or originals from which have developed that peculiar meander 

 or zigzag to which reference is made in various places and in various 



