848 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



navigating the boat when a single family or a small party is making a 

 journey, it is by no means considered a woman s boat, as appears to be 

 the case among the Greenlanders and the eastern Eskimo generally. 

 On the contrary, women are not admitted into the regularly organized 

 whaling crews, unless the umialik can not procure men enough, and in 

 the &amp;lt; scratch 7 crews assembled for walrus hunting or sealing there are 



usually at least as many men 

 as women, and the men work as 

 hard as the women.&quot; 



This is mentioned to explain 

 Fi - 57 - the reason why the female fig 



ure is absent in records of hunt 

 ing and fishing trips, although present in other scenes, such as domestic 

 and probably ceremonial records. 



Plate 28 represents an illustration of a native model from Alaska. 

 A native drawing of the umiak with four hunters is shown in fig. 57. 

 The lines are heavily incised, and blackened. The men are without 

 paddles, which may have been an oversight on the part of the artist. 

 The spear or harpoon rest is also shown, as well 

 as the weapon itself. -^ l\\ &amp;gt; _ 



A less carefully drawn illustration of an umiak : ^^&quot;^ &quot; l ^ &quot; i &quot; l ~ ii= 

 is shown in fig. 58. The three occupants are 



UMIAK. 



without paddles. Still ruder form is shown m 



fig. 59, where an attempt at throwing a harpoon at a whale is also shown. 

 In fig. 60 is reproduced a still ruder drawing of an umiak, no hunter 

 being shown, yet the record in which this vessel occurs is of a class, 

 or in that condition of completeness, that should also have present the 

 occupant. 



A better illustration of an umiak, containing five people, is shown in 

 fig. 61. The lines are lightly incised. 



A neatly executed sketch of an umiak is illustrated in fig. 62. The 

 bow is longer than usual, and also projects from the water. 



Two varieties 



,^&r^. iiiyi i IBM f^&amp;gt; of sledges are 



F\ ^*x ....^*^Si^~ portrayed in pic- 



few 1 f| I f iNgjjjP 1 _ W*T^ VVXfry^ tographs made 



-*- &quot;* by the Eskimo, 



one of them being 



UMIAK -&quot;URSUING WHALE. 



the railed sledge 



(fig. 63), used for carrying loads of articles belonging to camp equipage, 

 etc., while the other pertains to a low flat sledge, without rails (fig. 64), 1 

 and used for carrying bulky objects, such as game, frozen seals, and, as 

 Mr. Murdoch informs us, for transporting the umiak across the land or 

 solid ice. Both are made without nails, the different parts being mortised 

 together and lashed securely with stitches of thong and whalebone. 



1 Ninth Annual Report of Bureau of Ethnology, 1887-88, 1892, p. 353. 



