GRAPHIC ART OF THE ESKIMOS. 857 



smaller one, shown as horizontal in the air, is the demon which has been 

 expelled from a sick man. The smaller apartment shows one person 

 with a dish, or pan, probably preparing food for the participants in the 

 ceremonials conducted within the adjoining room. 



Outside of the house is a man portrayed in the act of splitting wood, 

 the log beneath his feet having two wedges projecting which are being 

 driven in to split the timber. A second individual is pushing at his 

 dog sledge, he having returned with a load, as may be observed, the 

 logs still in position at the front of the sledge. 



The figure next to the preceding is seated upon the ground and 

 apparently mending his net. The characters above the wood chopper 

 and the returning traveler are drawn upon the opposing base line. 

 The figure in the attitude of running is going to the assistance of one 

 who has caught a seal, the latter resisting capture by the use of his 

 flippers, which are drawn extended from the body to denote their use 

 in the present instance. The ring indicates a hole in the ice, while the 

 bar held in the hands is the piece of wood to which the line is secured. 



The illustration of fishing through the ice is shown in several records, 

 but in none more graphically than in the figure nearest to the seal 

 hunter above referred to. The native is here shown seated, and before 

 him is a fish lying attached to a short line by which it is secured, while 

 with the other hand the fisherman is holding his rod, the line passing 

 through a hole, and beneath are shown the sinker and hook, while a 

 fish is seen approaching to take hold. The representation of the trans 

 parency of the ice was no doubt beyond the ability of the artist, and he 

 therefore very wisely made no attempt at any indication of a surface 

 line. 



By turning over the pipestem the record may be renewed at the fig 

 ure of the umiak, containing five hunters, four of whom are using the 

 paddles, whilst the fifth is throwing a harpoon toward a large walrus. 

 This creature has already been harpooned by a hunter in a kaiak, who 

 is holding up one hand with his fingers spread, while in the other hand 

 he holds his paddle. Upon the stern of the kaiak is the float, used in 

 connection with the harpoon line. A second walrus is observed imme 

 diately behind the harpooned animal. 



At the extreme left of the stem is a crouching or kneeling hunter 

 preparing to throw a harpoon at a seal or female walrus, from whose 

 mouth drops of water or perhaps blood are seen to trickle. 



Upon the opposing base line of the pipestem is a single whale hunter 

 in his boat, a small whale having been harpooned, while to the line a 

 large skin float is attached to impede the animal s motion. The other 

 whale is escaping, and the water is shown spouting from the nostrils 

 of both animals. 



The ornamentation upon the two lower sides, as well as the tree-like 

 figures near the mouthpiece, will be discussed in connection with the 

 evolution of ornamentation. 



