910 REPORT OP NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1895. 



It is seldom that the indication of speech is attempted by the Eskimo, 

 but in fig. 133 an excellent portrayal of the idea of urging by means 

 of the voice, or calling, is given. The two men are traveling with a 

 sledge and three dogs, the foremost of the figures having a line extend 

 ing from the side of the head presumably the mouth to thele ader 

 of the dogs. The idea is also exhibited in other pictographs made by 



Eskimo, and is not of rare 

 occurrence in pictographic 

 drawings of the natives of 

 Fio . 133 Kadiak, as stated by Yladi- 



NATIVE SPEAKING TO DOG. 



Voice lines are frequently 



and similarly portrayed by the Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Dakota Indians. 

 In pictographs relating to hunting expeditions and pastimes the first- 

 named tribe is perhaps one of the most advanced in expressing pic 

 torial ly some of the more difficult ideas, not only objective ones but 

 subjective as well. 



The line extending from the mouth to denote speech is a visible pre 

 sentation of the common gesture sign for the same idea, made by 

 passing forward from the mouth the extended index finger. 



* -f--*- -.+ 



1 234 



Fig. 134. 



SHORE LINE, OR WATER MARKS. 



The elevated left hand of the leader of the party is an additional 

 indication that he is urging the dogs to quicken their pace, or perhaps 

 to exert greater effort in pulling the sledge. 



The illustration in fig. 134 represents several men carrying an 

 umiak. The vessel at No. 3 is raised above the ground, the four lines 

 resembling props or supports being the men s legs. The boat is being 

 carried toward the water, the shore lines being indicated by the vertical 

 curves at No. 2. The artist felt that he had not the skill in perspec- 

 tively showing the water s edge, and so 



places the water lines in a position in ^^ XAVC^S^T- A^ 



which they may clearly be observed. V^^w^Vi^^TV^T^ 

 The four crosses at the left of the engrav- 



, , . ., , . _ A CAPTIVE WHALE. 



ing denote waterfowl, while the figures 



at No. 4 denote a standing one in conversation and gesture with the 



departing ones, and another seated upon the ground. 



A good portrayal of the wbale is given in fig. 135. The spray a small 

 character for which is placed over the highest ridge of the head is 

 portrayed to specify the nature of the mammal. The oblique line pro 

 truding from the back is the harpoon which was used in the capture. 



An interesting fact connected with this pictograph is the representa- 



