42 THE HISTORY OF ANIMALS. [B. II. 



fishes are pursuing small ones, the stomach falla forward 

 into the mouth. 



5. All the animals that have been mentioned have a 

 stomach, and in the same situation, for it is universally 

 placed under the diaphragm, and an intestine follows it, 

 and ends in the exit for the food which is called the anus. 

 But the stomach of different animals is variously formed, 

 for in the first place viviparous horned quadrupeds, which 

 have not teeth in both jaws, have four such passages, and 

 those animals are said to ruminate. For the oesophagus, 

 commencing in the mouth, extends to the parts just below the 

 lungs, and passes through the diaphragm tothe great stomach. 



6. The internal part of this is rough, and folded to 

 gether ; and it is united, near the junction of the stomach, 

 to the part which, from its appearance, is called the net, 

 for the exterior is like a stomach, but the inside resembles 

 the meshes of a net ; in point of size, the net is much less 

 than the stomach. Next to this is the part called echinus, 

 because internally it is rough and channelled ; it is nearly 

 the same size as the net. Next to the echinus is the 

 enystrum, which is both larger and longer than the echinus, 

 and internally covered with many large and smooth folds ; 

 after this are the entrails. 



7. This is the nature of the stomach of animals with horns, 

 and no teeth in the upper jaw. But they differ from each 

 other in the form and size of these parts ; and because the 

 ffisophagus is sometimes united to the middle, and some 

 times to the side of the stomach. Most animals which have 

 teeth in both jaws have but one stomach, as the man, dog, 

 bear, lion, and the wolf. The thos 1 has all its intestines like a 

 wolf. All these have but one stomach, to which the bowel 

 is united. But in some of these the stomach is larger, as 

 the hog and the bear ; that of the hog is marked with a 

 few smooth lines. In other animals the stomach is less, 

 not indeed much larger than the intestine, as the dog, lion, 

 and man. In the forms of their bowels other animals 

 are divided into two classes, resembling these types ; for in 

 some the stomach resembles a dog s, in others a hog s, both 

 the greater and lesser animals in the same way ; and the 

 stomachs of various animals djffer in size, form, thickness, 

 thinness, and the position of the junction of the oesophagus. 



1 J?elis onza, perhaps also canis aureus. 



