44 THE HISTOEY OF ANIMALS. [B II, 



tongues are like hairs. The seal also has a forked tongue. 

 The serpent has a stomach like a very wide entrail, like 

 that of the dog, afterwards a very long and thin intestine, 

 which is alike to its extremity. 



12. Behind the pharynx is a small kidney-shaped heart, 

 BO that at times the apex does not appear to be directed 

 towards the chest, next to this is a ringle lung, divided by 

 a muscular passage, very long, and descending a long 

 distance from the breast. The liver is long and simple, 

 the spleen small and round, like that of the saurians. 

 The gall resembles that of fish, in water serpents it is 

 situated on the liver, in others generally upon the intes 

 tines. They all have pointed teeth, and as many ribs as 

 there are days in the month, for they have thirty. Some 

 persons say that in one respect serpents resemble the 

 young of the swallow, for if their eyes are pierced with a 

 pointed instrument, they will grow again, and if the tails of 

 serpents or lizards be cut oft , they will be reproduced. 



13. The same remarks will apply to the intestines and 

 stomachs of fishes, for they have one simple stomach, 

 but it differs in form, for in some fishes it is like a bowel, 

 as in the one called scarus. and this is the only fish that 

 appears to ruminate, and the size of the intestines is 

 simple and folded together, for it can be resolved into one, 

 by unfolding it. The appendages of the stomach appear 

 to be peculiar to fishes and birds, for birds have them 

 above the stomach, and few in number, but in fish they 

 are above, and around the stomach. Some have many ap 

 pendages, as the gobius, 1 galeus, 2 perca, scorpios, 3 citharus, 4 

 trigla, 6 and sparus. 6 But the cestreus has many on one side 

 of the stomach, and only one on the other. Some have 

 only a few, as the hepatus 7 and the glaucus, 8 and the chry- 

 aophrys 9 also has ouly a few, but some individuals differ 

 from others, for one chrysophrys has many, another has 

 only a few. There are some fish which have none of them, 

 as most of the cartilaginous genera; others haye a few, 

 and some a great many, and all fish have these appendages 

 rery near the stomach itself. 



1 Gobio, gudgeon. 2 Shark. 3 Cottus scorpiuB. 



Probably Pleuronectes rhombus. 5 Mullus surmulentu*. 



Sparus maina. 7 Theutis hepatus. * Probably Gobio goio. 



Sparus aurata. 



