106 THE HISTOBY OF ANIMALS. [B. T. 



2. The sepia and loligo swim about coiled together in this 

 way, and with their mouths and tentacula united, they swim 

 in contrary directions to each other. They adapt the organ 

 called the nostril of the male to the similar organ in the 

 female ; and the one swims forwards, and the other back 

 wards. The ova of the female are produced in the part 

 called the physeter, by means of which some persons say 

 that they copulate. 



CHAPTER VI. 



1. THE malacostraca, as the carabi, astaci, carides, and such 

 like perform the act of intercourse like the retromingent 

 animals, the one lying upon its back, and the other placing 

 its tail upon it. They copulate on the approach of spring, 

 near the land ; for their sexual intercourse has often been 

 observed, and sometimes when the figs begin to ripen. 



2. The astaci and the carides perform the act in the same 

 manner ; but the carcini approximate the fore part of their 

 bodies to each other, and adapt also the folds of their tails to 

 each other. First of all, the smaller carcinus mounts from 

 behind, and when he has mounted, the greater one turns 

 on its side. In no other respect does the female differ 

 from the male, but that the tail, which is folded on the 

 body, is larger and more distant, and more thick set with 

 appendages : upon this the ova are deposited, and the excre 

 ment ejected. Neither sex is furnished with an intromittent 

 organ. 



CHAPTEB, VII. 



1. INSECTS approach each other from behind, and the 

 smaller one subsequently mounts upon the larger. The 

 male is always the smaller. The female, which is below, 

 inserts a member into the male, which is above, and not the 

 male into the female, as in other animals. In some kinds 

 this organ appears large in proportion to the size of the 

 body, especially in those that are small, in others it is less. 

 The organ may be plainly discerned if two flies are sepa 

 rated while in the act of coition. They are separated from 

 each other with difficulty, for the act of intercourse in such 

 animals occupies a long time. This may be plainly discerned 

 by common observation, as in the fly and cantharis. 



2. All adopt the same method, the fly, cantharis, spon- 



