12 



will be high and also the ratio of calcium, oxid to potassium oxid. 

 It is possible in adulterating to bring the ash content and its analysis 

 of solubility and alkalinity up to standard, but it is difficult at the 

 same time to raise the lead number and the malic acid value. In 

 such samples the percentage of potassium oxid, calcium oxid, and 

 sulphur trioxid will indicate the sophistication. 



In determining the proportion of ingredients, such as the amount 

 of maple sugar and added cane sugar in a compound so labeled, the 

 average figures given in the preceding table must be used to gain an 

 approximate result, based on the deviation from them. In case 

 granulated sugar is added, it is comparatively easy to obtain satis- 

 factory figures; but if brown sugar and "ash dope" have been used 

 the task is more difficult, though from a comparison of all the figures 

 the percentage composition can be roughly approximated. The fol- 

 lowing table gives the analyses of adulterants commonly used. The 

 determinations were made in the same manner as for maple products. 



Analyses of the usual adulterants of maple products. a 



n Eighteenth Ann. Rpt.. Vermont Agr. Exper. Sta., 1905, p. 319. 



b Hortvet, J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1904, 0:1542. 



c Average, 0.35. 



d 85 per cent glucose and 15 per cent cane sugar. 



The figures for total ash given in the table vary considerably among 

 themselves, owing to different manufacturing conditions, and are, as 

 a rule, higher than the figures for the total ash of maple products. 

 In the figures for percentage of insoluble ash the variation is small 

 and the figures themselves are lower than for maple products. 

 Therefore the ratio of insoluble to soluble ash is much higher than 

 in maple products. Only a few figures for the malic acid value are 



[Cir. 40] 



