148 METHODS IN TEACHING 



2O 4O 60 30 



10 20 40 19 or 30 10 9 



7 6 



48 or 76 40 8 



For help in long division such tables as the following are 

 given : 



13X3; 14X3; 15X3; 16X3; 



17X3; 18X3; 19X3; 19X9; 



39-^3; 42-^-3; 45-^-3; 48-^-3; 



5!-^3; 54-^-3; 57-^-3; 171 -f- 9- 



Compound numbers are begun in the earlier grades by 

 actual measurements. In the fourth grade also the pint, 

 quart, and gallon measures are in the room. Pupils are 

 using the inch, foot, and yard with their rulers; and they 

 find the square foot and square yard by measurements. If 

 all this has been done before it is so much easier in the 

 fourth grades; it is never unnecessary training, for to be 

 accurate in estimates the pupils must be kept in frequent 

 touch with the actual measurements. 



By the last of the year the pupils can find the area of 

 such surfaces as this: 



A piece of paper is 9 inches long and 6 inches wide ; what 

 is its area? Pupils draw the surface, divide it into square 

 inches, and write the answer in a sentence, telling how th 

 work has been done. The pupils are then shown that the 

 same result is obtained by multiplying 9X6. In time they 





