NON-LIVING THINGS 22/ 



Blow out the candle, noting that much gray gas rises 

 from the wick while it is still hot. Condense some of this 

 by holding in it a piece of clean, cold glass. Let the pupils 

 see that it is really tallow, which assumes its original form 

 when condensed and cold. Relight the candle, and, when 

 it burns brightly, extinguish the flame as before. Have a 

 paper tube half an inch or more in diameter and six to ten 

 inches long; hold it so that the gas flows upward through 

 it. Light the gas at the upper end of the tube, and note 

 that the flame travels quickly down to the wick, relighting 

 the candle. 



The study of combustion can be extended indefinitely, 

 according to the maturity of the pupils and the interest 

 manifested. The work as here described has been found 

 suited to our fifth and sixth grades, but much of it will 

 bear repeating in grades as high as the eighth. It requires 

 little in the way of apparatus that can not be made by the 

 teacher and the pupils, and it results in an insight into many 

 of the common things that none of us understand too well. 

 With older pupils interest may be added to the work by dis- 

 cussions on the manufacture of illuminating gas, gas and 

 gasoline engines, and many other things connected directly 

 with combustion. 



Teach pupils the relation of the moon to the earth, the 

 relation of the earth and the moon to the sun, and the re- 

 sultant phases of the moon. Teach also 

 Sky Lessons 



the relation of the earth to other planets of 



the solar system, and the differences between planets and 

 stars. The constellations may also be taken up simply by 

 mapping them upon the blackboard and asking the pupils 



