246 METHODS IN TEACHING 



sions ; and as it is represented on the maps today. The chil- 

 dren find interesting work in the discovery of gold and the 

 different ways of mining still practiced in the state, especially 

 in the Mother Lode region in the Sierra Nevada mountains. 



Twenty minutes a day are given to geography. The work 

 is mainly oral with, perhaps, two written lessons a month. 



The following paper was written by one of Miss South- 

 worth's pupils after the excursion to the creamery. There 

 are no corrections in any manner whatever. 



" We went three blocks and a half to the creamery. 



" The creamery is on the corner of Center Street and 

 Miner Avenue. 



" The owners of the creamery are Mr. Cy. Moreing, Mr. 

 W. A. Hildreth, and the estate of Mr. W. F. Jordan. 



" It is leased by Mr. F. H. Armsburger, its manager. 



" When the milk comes from the farms they put it in large 

 cans. Then they put them in country wagons and send the 

 milk to the skimming stations which are scattered all over 

 the country. There is one in Elks Grove, in Sacramento 

 County, has twenty patrons ; another in Lodi, in our country 

 which is San Joaquin County, has twenty patrons; another 

 in Bellota, in San Joaquin County, has twenty patrons and 

 two private skimming stations; another at Holt, in San 

 Joaquin County, is private; another in Lathrop, in San 

 Joaquin County, is owned by patrons; and another in 

 Modesto, in Stanislaus County, is owned by patrons. 



" They have a machine called a separator in the skimming 

 stations. It has two pipes, one for the cream and the other 

 for the milk to run out. The milk is the heaviest so it stays 

 at the bottom and the cream goes to the top. 



" They have a kind of tube they put a little of the milk in 



