294 METHODS IN TEACHING 



sections is that the child is forced to work without help from 

 the teacher and to depend upon himself. 



Outlines prepared by the teacher are used freely in the 



preparation of a lesson. Only important points are noted, 



so that the pupils know for what they are 



Preparation tO be held answerable - Their use while 



studying accustoms a child to a systematic 



arrangement of the material in a lesson from its assignment 

 to the final writing. Sometimes the outline is screened from 

 view while the class is studying the lesson for the first time ; 

 then, with book closed and outline in view, every pupil is 

 supposed to go over the lesson again, testing his knowledge, 

 discovering his weak places, and, finally, looking up what- 

 ever he does not know well. 



The outline given below is a composite, made in class and 

 copied from the board, showing how the pupils are trained 

 to make and use outlines. 



I. 



HENRY HUDSON 



I. Conditions three hundred years ago. 



1. England poor. 



2. Spain rich from gold mines in America. 



3. Portugal rich by southern route to Asia. 

 II. Muscovy Company formed. 



1. Wish to find northern route to Asia. 



a. Failure. 



b. Trade with Russia. 



2. Henry Hudson employed by the Muscovy Com- 



pany. 

 a. Found no northern route to Asia. 



