312 METHODS IN TEACHING 



especially original outline is read, discussed, or recited upon. 

 The notebooks are used as a partial proof of scholarship, of 

 ability to pass the subject. The books sometimes go home 

 for the approval of the parents before the end of the term, 

 so that the stimulus thus obtained may come back into the 

 class. 



It is possible that the English history may have been 

 given in a fragmentary manner throughout the year, fitted 



into the periods of American history so as 

 Summaries 



to illuminate the relations between, the two 



countries. When this is the case the detached lessons are 

 put together towards the end of the year under the general 

 headings of their particular periods ; the Tudors and the era 

 of explorations and early settlements; the Stuarts and the 

 religious changes in England, leading to heavy emigration 

 to America ; the Georges and the Revolution. 



To fix the history from the period of explorations through 

 the Revolution, a topical review of two or three weeks is 

 admirable exercise. The geography must be kept well in 

 mind. The broad principles in the whole period are brought 

 out for the headings of the smaller divisions ; the relation of 

 period to period is shown; the causes and results of events 

 are analyzed ; the children are led to generalize, to compare, 

 to judge, as far as their powers will permit them to go. In 

 a review of this nature details are not dwelt upon except to 

 prevent the recitations from becoming dry and monotonous 

 or to refresh facts; they are used constantly, however, as 

 accumulated material which is for the purpose of forming 

 broader views and for grasping the sure, uninterrupted 

 movement of a nation. The details have been studied and 

 gained through the preceding months, but the children 



