324 METHODS IN TEACHING 



study of more difficult subjects. A summary of the latter 

 is given in the following outline, suggestive 

 Outline * or teacners * a11 grades; brief class out- 



lines are given under the different years. 



The machinery of government: ward, city, county, state, 

 nation; the development of this machinery through the 

 family, tribe, community, city, nation; early governments in 

 the United States, 



Laws : necessity, makers, interpreters, enforcers, penalties 

 for violation. 



Finances: cost of government, taxation, assessment of 

 property, expenditures, safe-keeping of money. 



Voting: machinery, benefits, will of the majority. 



Citizenship : the " American race/' a conglomerate ; for- 

 eign born element, its helpful and dangerous sides ; duties of 

 all citizens ; responsibilities ; interests ; patriotism ; dangerous 

 citizens ; " graft." 



International relations: friendship with foreign nations, 

 possible benefits and disadvantages. 



Democracy : its opportunities for all ; justice of its govern- 

 ment; dangers from bribery, carelessness, dishonesty, indo- 

 lence ; need of educated citizens ; higher education in the high 

 school and university should make better citizens of boys 

 and girls ; patriotism ; the temptation offered by rank in for- 

 eign countries and the meaning of such a society to the 

 " lower classes." 



Some topics fit naturally into history, but correlation 

 should not be made so close that useful, easily comprehended 

 topics in civics are excluded because they do not also occur 

 in history. 



Certain phases of taxation and of the expenditures of 



