12 SOILS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES. 



wheat being practically unknown in this section. In Michigan the 

 area devoted to wheat usually exceeds that devoted to any other 

 grain crop upon this soil type, and the average yields upon all soils 

 hi the counties of which soil surveys have been made are in the vicinity 

 of 13 bushels per acre. The yields reported from this soil type in the 

 same counties are 15 to 25 bushels per acre, indicating again that the 

 Miami clay loam is a preeminent wheat soil hi this State. Complete 

 commercial fertilizers are sometimes used with the wheat seeding: but 

 in general the fertilizers incorporated with the soil in the preparation 

 of the land for corn are chiefly relied upon for the production of the 

 succeeding wheat crop. In many instances wheat is produced two 

 years in succession, and the grass seeding is made with the second 

 crop. In other instances oats are seeded for the second small gram 

 crop, and the grass seeding is accomplished at that time. 



The acreage devoted to oats in the counties of which soil surveys 

 have been made, covering the Miami clay loam region of the east- 

 central prairie States, is usually subordinate both to wheat and to 

 corn, although in some instances the acreage devoted to oats is 

 second only to that given to corn. Taking into consideration all 

 the areas of which soil surveys have been made, in the region dom- 

 inated by the Miami clay loam, census statistics show an average 

 yield of over 35 bushels of oats per acre for these counties. In 

 Indiana the average yields for the Miami clay loam are stated in 

 the soil survey reports at 30 to 50 bushels per acre, while in Michigan 

 and Ohio the average yields are stated at 40 to 60 bushels per acre. 

 These estimates are fully verified by an examination of the statistics 

 of yields in the counties concerned. As has been noted, oats fre- 

 quently take the place of wheat as a second-year small grain crop. 

 In other instances, particularly in Michigan and the northern part of 

 Ohio, the wheat is entirely replaced by oats and this small grain is 

 only seeded for a single year, being immediately followed by grass. 



The area devoted to grass growing and hay production in the 

 counties in which the Miami clay loam dominates and of which soil 

 survey investigations have been made, almost equals the area devoted 

 to the production of the grain crops. This arises from the fact that 

 grass usually occupies the giound for two or three years in the regular 

 rotation, being cut for hay during the first and second years and not 

 infrequently pastured during the third year preparatory to breaking 

 the ground for corn. The average yields for the counties hi which 

 these soil surveys have been made exceed 1.3 tons of hay per acre 

 for the entire counties and again the Miami clay loam may be 

 credited with a yield greater than the average for these counties 

 The soil survey reports give yields for this type ranging from 1 

 2 tons per acre and even the latter yield is sometimes exceeded, 

 all areas where the Miami clay loam occurs the rougher and moi 

 sloping portions of the type, together with many areas which may 



