Ki'Y.M. n>M.MISSH>X n\ A(, IiKM.lt UK. 



13 A*yu*l, 1919.] 



MB. W. T. LAWK i 



[Contilliinl. 



2185. Do you have your calves born at any time 

 or a you want them: Do \ou re^ni.ue tl-e calving 

 of the" cowm? Yes; wo like" to have as main 

 ralving in the autumn and In-fore Christmas or just 

 after Christmas up to the end of January as we have 

 during the spring lind summer. In order t 



that and not lose time with our COWB bv regulating 

 them, we start with the heifers on this basis, which 

 doe* not, of course, work out right but practically it 

 does. When a heifer is that she can come 



in we will say calving in Do-ember or January, we 

 calculate she will calve a month earlier each s-. 

 MVC calf, and so by tlmt time sh.- comes in full flush 

 sometime, in the early summer when she comes to 

 her fourth calf for selling. 



2186. You like to get your cows as near as you can 

 calving in tho autumn? Yes, as many as we can. 

 There would be no difficulty in the spring calvers ; 

 that is natural. 



.1-7. How do you rear your -alves; how long do 

 you keep them on the <-ow's milk? Not t all. 



2188. You take them straight away? The moment 

 they are born. 



2189. Then what do you bring them up on milk? 



Y'es, up to a certain time; separated milk of course, 

 up till about 5 months old. 



2190. Have you to keep up a regular supply now 

 in your contract? Wo have no contract. 



2191. You do not put anything at all down on your 

 account as a matter of fact for depreciation, do you? 



I have tried ti do as little in the way of estimating 

 as possible, and taken tho actual facts. We have not 

 had a cow die, I do not think, for 5 or 6 years ; and 

 it is only an occasional one losing a quarter. We 

 had a cow last summer lose a quarter, and one again 

 this summer. 



2192. When they lose a quarter, or when tliov got 

 so that you consider they are of no use to you, you 

 graze them I take it? We generally keep 'the flis.li 

 pretty well on them. There is not m'uch to do in the 

 way of fattening when they aro done. 



2193. Therefore you think you lose nothing on you- 

 cows at all? No, no more than is just mentioned 

 there. 



2194. And what it has cost you to put on the meat. 

 you charge to your milk account:'- She would not 

 fetch as much in the market of course as a fat Wast, 

 as she would as a dairy cow. 



2W5. Not as a pedigree cow?- Not as a cow newly 

 calved with full flushed milk. 



2196. Aro these dairy shorthorns;- They are all 

 now except two or three, simply Ixx-nuse for 23 years 

 we have kept a pedigree bull and so we have gradu- 

 ally got into pedig' 



2197. They are all now in the Book?- Yes; they are 

 all in Coatee. 



2198. So that when you do lose a cow, tho deprecia- 

 tion must be still larger? Yes; hut with those short 

 pedigrees it in not a matter of no much moment as 

 with a long pedigree, whore the bull calved would be 

 eligible for rearing for the Argentine or something 

 like that 



2199. No; but a cotr which is in any way a ped 

 animal, is worth half as much again wo w'ill put it? 

 Yos. 



3200. So that your loss on account of depreciation, 

 .vhich amounts hero altogether to a little over '.'I a 

 cow. would hardly meet tho case of an ordinary 

 farmery Of course the depreciation with a man who 

 purchased all his newly calved cows for the milk 

 market and did no brm-ding at all. would be very 

 much greater than that. Ho would probably 1. 

 a head on every cow be bought. 



2201. I do not. quite soo that point; boian-o Ill- 

 starts with an animal which is worth le.s num. 

 mean '!. (hat a milk seller now finds ho is 



running short of milk and goes to the market and will 

 pav 60 for a newly calved cow. She will lx> :. 

 older even if he only keeps her a y.-.-ir and s.-!' 

 again when she is newly calved next year, and ho 

 stands all the risk which" may happen during that 12 

 months. If anything fails, she will have to* go into the 

 fat market. Ho will easily lose from 10 to !"> on 

 that cow by selling her fat', than ho gave for her as a 

 newly calved cow. 



'J. From that statement. \ou must .1-:.. th.-n 

 that these figures do not represent the ..idmar;, lar- 

 \.>, not quite ; but I have been Irving 

 for the lost 20 years to induce the milk selling farmers 

 to soil their bull calves us soon as tin n mid 



got i ul of I hem, but to ki-ep the calves tiom their Nsst 

 milkers and rear them by some means or other 

 if they have to acritic<> a little of their milk to rear 

 them in other ways without the milk, to avoid this 

 lofts iN'twoon the buying and selling pi-ire of ix.s. 



I Mr. Itntrlii/iir: Do you I.. 

 in which the various items which you give us h< 

 .in." we do of certain of these ma 



'I hero are some that we cannot give :n < in -ately ; it is 

 bound to be an estimate. For instance, last Sep- 

 tember and October we were supposed to get. all our 

 stubble on our land ploughed In . Unas- but 



it was such a wet time that we could not get tin- horse* 

 on it because wo dare not put our horses on \\.-i land. 

 The charge for that keep of ' ild not ! put 



against something else. In the ordinary wa\ 

 would have earned their living by ploughing, 'lake 

 tho hay. We have got our hay in in I days. 6 acres 

 of hay was cut and housed at the outside on the fourth 

 day, some, of it on tho third day, owing to the light 

 ixop. We have had a year in which tin hav \\.\-~ ln-en 

 bothering U8 for 6 Or 8 weeks with constantly wet 

 weather, and we did not get as good hay then. So 

 that it is extremely difficult to represent that realty 

 in figures. 



2204. Yes; but as a rule you endeavour to keep 

 separate statements of costs? Yes; and of coin 



do from year to year keep as many as we can of the 

 growing crops, too. 



2205. Will you look at the summer period. You 

 put cake, 20 cows, 2 Ihs. each. Is that what 'they get? 



No, they do not all get that. Some get 3 Ibs. and 

 Willie get 1 11). : but that i.s ihe average. 



2206. That is 10 Ibs. per day- 



2207. For 168 days. I make that to come exactly 

 to ;< tons, which at 20 a ton would be 60 and not 

 92 10s.? I have got 60. 



2208. I have !2 10s. on mine? What does the 

 total add up top 



2209. 334 8s. 2Ad.? Mine is .321 18s. 2Jd. 



2210. Then you have the wrong figures!- It i.s that 

 C.TJl 18s. 2d." divided by the (i.77(i gallons that gives 

 you the 1 I'-ld. 



2211. We have l-'.'d. There must be some wrong 

 figures here. Did you put in another statement? 

 No: but in making the copy from my rough notes it 

 is just possible I may have miscopiod it. 



2212. At any rate" the figure should be 60? Yes. 

 This is really the paper: J will show it to you. 



2213. I see what they have done. They have added 

 L'.'i'J in and made it 92 Ids. It makes your cost even 

 less than we have on tho paper here? Yes 



.'14. You put down the rent as against milk pro- 

 duction. I calculate, at 10 a yeai > \Ve have 

 Mmate. Tho buildings are rated altogether as 

 an institution: and all at *7. That s the re- 

 value of the whole affair. 



2215. Do you have your animals and your stock 

 insured agaiiM fire? YOB. I believe that i- 



2216. There is no fire premium here? No. it is not 

 down. 



'2217. I presume also you insure your workn.. 



2218. And you pay the National Health Insui 



2219. And you also pay for coals and light: No. 

 there are no coals and light. 



2220. Then in regard to the washing of your dairy 

 and utensils, do yon not require any boiling water? 

 Yes; but you seo that comes in our dairy working. 

 really. I may say this: that the charge for 'ill.' IVLJ 

 women includes tho cooling of tho milk if it was 

 :iwav. or in our case not the cooling but separating 

 of the milk, nnd the washing up of the utensils when 

 pupils are not there to do it. 



2221 And vi hen pupils are not there you make no 

 eharii" 1 ? No. If they were not the;, 

 would do it just tho same. 



222'J "> ' -Hi would they do it in two hours a d:iv? 



They would not be milking as mneh as thai, the 

 full two hours, in the winter time. When T pn 



