K..1 \l. i-c.MM|>x|. IGRIC1 Ml III!. 



13 Ay**l, r.M'.'.j 



MR. W. T. LAWK i 





good fw>nking rain nt tl . Mine there might ! 



a fair turni]i crop yet in many fields. 



2282. ,Vr. Ashby: I understood you to ay, in reply 

 to Mr. Hatchelor. that there were ; -.\ . items of cost 

 not includml in this Hem : insurance, including 

 fire anil accident insurance and ordinary workmen's 

 health insurance: and also cartage (if cake for roughly 

 about 10 days a rear. Those two items together would 

 not make a largo sum, would tin 



2263. They would add very little to the total costP 

 Yes. There is another thing. You see we try 

 always to have a return load. For instance, if wo 

 were sending corn and potatoes to the market, we 

 should not come back empty, but wo should bring a 

 load of coal or something hack, as often that \\ 

 possible; so that it is rather difficult to allot those, 

 things. 



2264. The total addition which these items would 

 make to the total would only be a very small fraction 

 of a pnnyP I should think so. 



2265. Do I understand correctly that the total 

 profit, including the expected profit for management, 

 on this statement. of the sums of I - 



the summer term and 66 on the cost, of production 

 side in the winter term, the difference between the 

 stated gallon cost and gallon price and the credit 

 for calves: is that correi 



2266. Could you tell us whether this matter of the 

 training of milkers is a temporary matter due to the 

 necessity of training milkers because of the shortage 

 of labour during the war, or is it going on in the 

 forthcoming year? It is going on. AVe have always 

 had to teach a certain number of pupils that have 

 come, to milk, but only the last two years more par- 

 ticularly, and this last year it has never meant more 

 than two or three thnt have never milked before in 

 our course of pupils: and. of course, we have generally 

 only stripping cows to put them on to, so that they 

 do very little damage to them. But you see we have 

 been bavin-: land workers, and we take double the 

 number of pupils now than we used to take: and it 

 has meant that we now get such a large number 

 learning to milk that we are obliged to put them on 

 to the good cows, and that is where the loss comes in. 



.'117. That is to sa- you ha'o had an abnormal 

 number of women to train as milkers P Ye-;. 



226S. And YOU do not expect that number to he 

 as great in the near future? I think so. because we 

 shall continue to train dairymaids just the same. 

 You see it is pnrt of the course that they have to learn 

 to milk. 



22<>0. But will they have the same type of women 

 as those vou have trained in recent years who had 

 never milked^, or vill thev be the daughters of farmers 

 of Cumberland and 'Westmorland who have milked 

 before they come to the school? Some will bo fewer 

 than we have hid th" last 1'J months, but there will 

 bo a considerable number still. Tt is getting o 

 custom almost for tin 1 daughters of farmers to learn 

 to milk. 



2270. But the point T am Irving to get information 

 on i--. whether the effect of the training of milkers 

 on your milk yield has boon abnormal, or whether 

 vou expect thnt offo"t to become the normal effect? 

 I extiect it to become the normal effect. 



"I?"!. So that you do ns a matter of fact expect 

 to get rather a lower vield of milk in the future, than 

 you have done in the past- Yes: of course that 

 applies to the place purelv ns an Kdm at iotial Kstab 

 lishment. and not ns a local dairy farm. 



2272. Am I rieht in assuming that the chief pro- 

 ductions of this farm ef 130 acres are milk, possibly 

 some calves and store stock, and the cows von sell as 

 prime milkers? That forms a laruo proportion: but 

 then we sell seed corn, we sell not n toes, and wo rear 

 votincr horses and sell ho^os Then \i . 



ine flock of she.^n, consisting of a herd rf />0 

 and something like W or 90 lambs to sell fat every 

 yenr. Young horses are constantly hcin<_' bred and 

 reared, and going into the market. This year it has 

 n"t amount. -d to Irdf our marketing, because we havo 

 sold such a lot of corn. 



2273. Taking the herd of cows in its total bu 

 aspect and not limiting it for the moment to milk. 



is not ib. it- another item of profit in the dill. t. u. 

 belwccti the 11.1 vou state here as the average value. 

 and the selling price of the prune COM you sell!' Yes. 



L"-'7I. Mr. Hiliriinh: An- \.m -atisliod that \ou get 

 a return for the '_' Ib. per bend per da\ thai \ou give 



ur c..us in the summer .in the grass? t tl 

 i|uito follow. 



_'.' 7.1. According to your account you give 2 Ib. 

 pi'r head per 1 



satisfied that you get a return for these 2 Ib. !- 

 exactly: but our experiments ih.'t v.e carried out 

 that up t i the -'iid of July 



ue '^ ilk or butter itb cake than we 



did tearing it .-ilon--. l-'imn that date OII:H ds it made 

 a lot of ditierene... Hut there an otber factors to 

 in l''or instance, ue (annul get a firm butter 

 'ii ..'I' ! aim unless we give iv.ke. and we give it not 

 merely for the milk yield, but for the qualit\ of the 

 produce. Hut when 2 Ib. is mentioned, that is really 

 dividing up the quantity given the whole summer. 

 Some of them may not be getting it for part of the 

 time. 



'J'_'7(i. I think you also said \ou sold your cows alter 

 1 i'es ; that is about ' IP Tea, 



L'l'77. Do not vou think that that affects your yield 

 considerably - 



J-7si. If you kept some of them at all events for 

 : am M-ais more, your average yield would be con 

 siderably higher!- Yes: but then you s (M - we must 

 make room for the VOIIIIL' cattle earning in. and 

 all if you put any chock on the breeding that is where 

 ihe mischief is coming in. There is M> much check 

 put on the rearing of stock by people not rearing 

 c alves at all. that the stock of the country has b. 

 depleted, 



'J'27!'. Yes; but do not you think it would be a 

 serious loss if wo should all dis|K>sv of our cattle prac- 

 tically before they roach their prim.' at (i years 01 

 It would bo a much more serious loss really than the 

 lack of breeding heifers coming in? Of course that 

 is not a new thing. It has been going on lor the last 

 '2~> or .'ID Years. It is not bein^ done any more now 

 than it has been for the last '.M or :) ft 



22'*0. On your farm you mean? On any farm in 

 Cumberland. Thai is where they make tli 

 nmount of money. Thnt is what induces them to 

 make butter. People are alw: 'ling to us that 



we should not make butter but make chcoe ; and our 

 farmers toll us plainly they do make more money on it. 



2281. And the cows are sold to dairies somewhere 

 else? Yes. 



'. The point is therefore, that your average 

 \icld here is of practically no value. It amounts to 

 that: A- I -aid just now. yon should have asked a 

 purely milk-producing farmer to come and give evi- 

 dence to you if you wanted to get the exat 

 milk : that is n man who buys bis r..\\ s . does no b 

 ing at all and soils his milk. If yon ask me to give 

 evidi nee. I .-an on!;. ' nee on the experiments 



B Following on our faun: and ! th'S, 



that as far : s our average yield is concerned, we have 

 3 cows in our herd that had over l.(HK> gallons of 

 milk a year. :>nd s.-\oral have given 800 gallons, 

 and others 7(10 gnl' 



'J'.'s.'i. What proportion of your boilers turn out 

 to be failur.N? You said you would dispose of them in 

 a voar!' Wo bring in about (i or 7 heifers a 

 nnd that means that wo reject 2 or 3. 



22S). Ur. Cm n : Could YOU give us the total profit 

 of the entire farm? Do you want -lie average profit 

 or the profit of last year? 



nial profit of last, year?- The actual 

 profit of last year was IMOO and a few odd pounds. 



2286. Just over i'.KMK- Ye : y>\\ may put it at 

 500. AVb. n I s.,\ that that is the actual profit. I 

 meant to say that, is the profit that would come to the. 

 farmer himself if ho were farming. I do not menu to 

 say that that is profit over and alx>vo a fair all" 

 made to the farmer himself. That would lie tb< 

 avuilahlo that the income tax would bo charged on at 

 any rate. 



J. Can you (<>!! us the labour cost of each cow '' 

 I havo not divided it up, but roughly speaking about 

 10 a cow. 



