CONTENTS 



PAGE 



of City Wastes as Fertilizer; Burning as a Means of Final 

 Disposal; Sea Dumping Utilization of Ashes and Clinker; 

 The Handling of Dust and Dirt. 



CHAPTER V 



SUMMARY OF EUROPEAN METHODS OF STREET CLEANING 38 



Character and Condition of Repair of Pavements; 

 General Observations; Organization of Street Cleaning 

 Departments; Labor; Methods of Street Cleaning; Plant 

 and Equipment Employed; Disposal of Street Sweepings; 

 Removal of Snow; The Collection and Disposal of House 

 Refuse; Conc.usions. 



CHAPTER VI 



LONDON 60 



London an Aggregation of Cities ; Importance of Central 

 Sanitary Authority; Multiplicity of Highway Authorities; 

 Authority over Street Cleaning; Scope of Work; Cost of 

 Water; Character of Streets; Traffic; Street Washing; 

 Market Places; Collection of House Refuse; Sanding of 

 Pavements; Cleansing of Courts; Catch Basins; Work of 

 Orderlies; Removal of Snow; Self-propelled Vehicles; Dis- 

 posal of House Refuse; Personnel. 



CHAPTER VII 



WESTMINSTER, LONDON 73 



Authority over Street Cleaning; Organization of Force; 

 Method of Street Flushing ; Sanding of Pavements ; Removal 

 of House Refuse ; Final Disposition of Refuse ; Sewer Clean- 

 ing; Depots and Plant; Utility of Motors; Street Cleaning 

 Force. 



CHAPTER VIII 



MANCHESTER 85 



The Street Cleaning Authority; Extent of Pavement of 

 Streets; Quantities of Material Handled by Department; 

 Methods of Cleaning the Streets ; Collection of House Refuse ; 

 Collection and Utilization of Excreta; Cleanness of Depots; 

 Plant; Municipal Country Estates; Method of Utilizing the 

 Refuse ; Quantity of Refuse Used upon the Land ; Kinds of 

 Refuse Handled; Quantities of Refuse Disposed of. 



vi 



