CHAPTER XII 



PAGE 



COLOGNE 137 



Condition of City Streets in very Early Times; Insani- 

 tary Conditions Favorable to Epidemics; First Impulse for 

 Clean Streets; Basis of Present Methods; Personal Uncon- 

 cern of Citizens about the Condition of Streets; Popular 

 Opposition to Thorough Cleansing Methods; Organization 

 of Street Cleaning Force; Work of the Street Cleaning 

 Bureau; Division of the City into Districts; Frequency of 

 Street Cleaning; Day Cleaning; The Collection of House 

 Refuse; Sprinkling; Snow; Cost of Street Cleaning; Final 

 Disposition of Refuse; Studies of Refuse Destructors. 



CHAPTER XIII 



AMSTERDAM 152 



Peculiar Construction of City; North Sea Canal; 

 Disposal of Sewage; Fertilizer Works; House Refuse; 

 Compost; Collection of Refuse ; Cleaning the Canals; Street 

 Cleaning; Sprinkling; Snow; Force; Cost. 



CHAPTER XIV 



NEW YORK 161 



Origin of the Street Cleaning Department; The Problem 

 of Organization and Administration; Present Organization; 

 Duties and Difficulties; Methods of Work; House Refuse; 

 Plant; Utilization of Useful Articles; Snow; Disposition of 

 Refuse other than Garbage ; Cost. 



Vlll 



