EUKOl'KAN MI.IIIODS OF STHKKT CLEANING 



pensc with hand labor. Moreover, they require a 

 fairly smooth pavement to sweep well. 



For the work done during the day the workmen 

 are usually supplied with some form of shovel or scoop, 

 a long-handled and short-handled broom and sand- 

 cart. Hand-scrapers, such as are employed in New 

 York, are not much used abroad, the opinion being 

 that the material to be removed should not be pushed 

 over the surface of the pavement any further than neces- 

 sary, but be taken up and transported otherwise. 

 Nevertheless, there are places where this scraper could 

 be used to advantage. 



Some difference of opinion exists concerning the 

 best forms and materials for hand-brooms, the prefer- 

 ence in short-handled brooms being, in the main, for 

 a soft bristle which will make a clean sweep, rather 

 than one which is likely to scatter the dirt. Long- 

 handled brooms are usually stiff. One of the most 

 useful tools is a rubber squeegee. 



A particularly good hand-cart is used at Hamburg. 

 It is swung low between two wheels, is provided with 

 springs, and is made of metal; it has no cover. This 

 cart is used to carry the tools of the workmen and 

 includes, beside brushes and shovels, a small box of 

 gravel, and a small, short-handled shovel for distribut- 

 ing the gravel. In Westminster, a part of London 

 where particular attention is paid to the care of the 

 streets, the cart used by the day sweepers is large, 

 high, heavy, and unsuitable, and in marked contrast 

 to the convenient Hamburg type. In some cities 

 small carts for street sweepings are hauled by ponies 

 or donkeys. 



For the temporary storage of horse droppings and 



49 



