EUROPEAN MKTIH| <! -I I'll 



horse traction. In London steam is used as motive 

 power to propel our cart and haul two or three others. 

 The city of London has paid between $.3(XX) and $4000 

 each for its motors, and has half a dozen of them in 

 use. One of these seen by me had a capacity for 

 refuse of twelve cubic yards. When used for sprink- 

 ling, the water body contained 360 gallons; it could 

 be filled in three minutes and emptied in about twenty 

 minutes. Its weight empty was about thirty hundred- 

 weight. 



The material swept from the streets of foreign cities 

 is sometimes turned to advantage, but the principal 

 object is understood to be to get it out of Disposal of 

 the way. Theoretically of much value as a to* 

 fertilizer, and possibly of some use as a fuel, the prac- 

 tical difficulties of utilizing street sweepings are too 

 great to make it of substantial use. It is, of course, 

 a mixed refuse and its composition varies in different 

 seasons in different cities and in different parts of 

 the same city. 



In Paris, the refuse from the streets is, as far as 

 practicable, swept into the sewers and carried with 

 house drainage to farms or emptied into the River 

 Seine below the city. Some of the sand and other 

 solid matters which are carried by the sewage have to 

 be removed before the sewage is utilized. Were it 

 not that Paris is particularly fortunate in having abund- 

 ant water and a good sewerage system, it is doubtful 

 if that city's famous plan of emptying so much refuse 

 into the sewers would be satisfactory. It is said that 

 some of the sand washed from the streets of Paris into 

 the sewers is recovered and used on the streets over 

 and over again. 



53 



