\\ I >l \II\8TER, LONDON 



into four divisions. In bad weather each foreman is 

 responsible for his district up to 10 P.M., after which 

 hour responsibility rests with the flushing foremen. 

 This responsibility is not great except during snowfalls. 

 Foremen of both grades are paid at overtime rates. 

 ( Iranite chippings are used in place of gravel on asphalt 

 roadbeds. This ballast is distributed rapidly by the 

 sweepers from orderly trucks with ordinary short- 

 handled ovels or, on special occasions, by distribut- 

 ing macnines. One pint of ballast per 1000 square 

 feet of pavement has been found to give good results 

 on a moderate grade. 



The removal of house and trade refuse is carried on 

 in accordance with the Public Health Act of 1891, which 

 requires that house refuse shall be removed Removalof 

 not less frequently than once a week. This HoweRefim 

 weekly system of refuse collection obtains for the most 

 part except in localities or streets in which a daily col- 

 lection has been arranged. 



Where there is a weekly collection the refuse is 

 removed from ash pits. This work entails the use of 

 baskets and shovels and much labor on the part of the 

 workmen. 



Where there is a daily collection the occupier of 

 the premises is required to place the refuse in recep- 

 tacles at a fixed hour on the street or some other con- 

 venient place agreed on, so that the labor of the 

 collectors is reduced and the time of the horses and 

 plant economized as far as practicable. 



For the purpose of removing the house refuse, the 

 city is divided into two areas, from one of which the 

 refuse is removed by the -city and from the other by 

 contractors. The contract area is divided into three dis- 



77 



