MODERN METHODS OF STREET CLEANING 



extended in like manner over the whole of the greater 

 city. 



The state of cleanliness has greatly improved in the 



last century in comparison with earlier times, but the 



words of Ennen that the inhabitants were 



Personal Un- 

 concern of concerned but little about the removal of 



the condition street refuse still hold good for Cologne and 

 most other cities. The citizens sweep only 

 the sidewalks and gutters, and not the carriageways. 

 Even the former work is done very imperfectly. 



To better the situation, the cleaning of the prin- 

 cipal streets was given over to a contractor in 1860, 

 and in 1871 it was recommended that the sweeping 

 of all streets be performed in this manner. In 1873 

 it was proposed that the streets be swept by the city. 

 In 1881 and 1882 this matter again came up for con- 

 sideration in connection with the establishment of a 

 city trucking department. From that time on this 

 question remained open until the end of the year 1890 

 when a city trucking department was established. 



The regulations then made and others which fol- 

 lowed in 1895 brought much opposition from the 

 PO uiar o citizens. The necessity of changing the general 

 position to method of street cleaning arose on the one 

 cleansing hand from a deficient state of cleanliness and 

 on the other from the removal of the fortress 

 walls which had surrounded Cologne and the rapid 

 development of the town to a large city. In this new 

 city broad streets with improvements, such as road- 

 ways separate from sidewalks, were begun. The clean- 

 ing of these streets could not have been accomplished 

 by the individual inhabitants. In the interior of the 

 city where the traffic was greatest and travel on the 



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