COLOGNE 



streets increased from year to year, wood and asphalt 

 pavements, .-specially the latter, were laid. The proper 

 cleaning of this kind of pavement by the innumerable 

 -cparate owners of the abutting property was not 

 possible. It had to be accomplished throughout in 

 a uniform and efficient way. The growing traffic as 

 well as the requirements of modern hygiene demanded 

 that the principal cleaning be no longer done in the 

 day but at night. 



By June 1, 1890, the principal cleaning was done by 

 city workers as was also the removal of the street and 

 house refuse. At the same time a city transportation 

 department was established. In the following year 

 jurisdiction over the streets was extended until by 

 April 1, 1891, the cleaning of the whole city, old and 

 new, was in the hands of the street cleaning department. 

 The sweeping of the principal streets and the whole 

 process of collecting and removing refuse has been 

 done by the city since April 1, 1900. 



Two separate bureaus, each under the management 

 of their own chiefs now cooperate to remove the refuse 

 and clean the streets. The transportation organization 

 bureau employs about 180 men, has 160 horses, cLanS 

 and 190 wagons and carts. The street-cleaning Forces 

 ing department employs about 310 men, has over 20 

 horse-propelled rotary brooms, 35 sprinkling-wagons, 

 90 hand-carts, and other apparatus. 



The horses, wagons, and tools of the street-cleaning 

 department have headquarters in three large depots. 

 The principal depot, with the offices and dwelling of 

 the chief and his immediate assistants, is in the western 

 part of the city. Here 100 horses and a correspond- 

 ing number of wagons are kept. In the northern and 



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