COLOGNE 



Iii the daytime a number of the youngest and most 

 agile workers are distributed upon the streets to remove 

 such litter as can be collected by them. These D ycien- 

 \vorkers collect the refuse in hand-carts. The ing 

 carts are emptied into pits of about 2.6 cubic yards 

 capacity each, located beneath the pavement. There 

 a re !."> of these pits. They are emptied every night 

 and cleaned. 



Just before being swept the streets are sprinkled by 

 sprinkling-wagons. In 1907 the area sprinkled in the 

 i lay averaged 2,393,403 square yards. For this 55,- 

 .~>V_>,00() gallons of water were required. The amount 

 of water used for sprinkling preparatory to sweeping 

 1000 square yards of stone pavement averages 130 

 gallons, for washing asphalt 150 gallons, for cleaning 

 with hand-brooms 15 gallons. The sidewalks are 

 watered at the same time by hand. In the daytime, 

 hand watering is also employed. The street refuse is 

 removed immediately after the sweeping machines have 

 finished their work. 



House refuse is called for at all the houses in the 

 city and brought to the dumping place at 



The CfOlIcc 



least three times each week. The collections tion of House 

 begin at 10 o'clock at night. The total quan- 

 tity removed in 1907 was 180,217 cubic yards, weighing 

 1322 pounds per yard. 



Following the demands of hygiene, a so-called " dust- 

 free " refuse wagon has been introduced for the removal 

 of refuse. This wagon is intended to prevent the escape 

 of dust when the refuse receptacle is being emptied 

 and subsequently. The cost of removing house refuse 

 amounted to $32,932 in 1902. The sweeping of markets 

 takes place daily at the close of business, which is usually 



147 



