HAW: 





aod abo nU<JJl in 

 <MI UM Kkia*. Ac. According to 

 (ran Manitt yielded 



: ' - 

 18-87 

 1444 

 1*00 

 IMf 

 U 

 1-SO 



-55 



HAWF1XCH. [Cocoonmjic*?**.] 



*.) 



HAWK MOTH. rarMJWWL] 

 AKKU. THiwucicM.1 

 HAWK* BILL WBTLB. [CMLOA.] 



vWTHOR". [CuTjaaoa.] 

 HAYUKXITE, Miami reMmhllng Cftotcrife in the appearance 

 of to Ml *!. bat to deMfibsd u baring an oblique rhombic prum. 

 ll ocr^r. with H~lmmJ,i,. 



/</oM, a Mineral occurring in globnUr maase* 

 *f aareaa s>ieter. haviag externally a brawn colour ; when broken 

 r 10 b funned of now-white delicate fibre*, inter- 



The lustre a satin-like, and the fibre* 

 i readily between UM finger*. It incloee* fragment* 

 - with brilliaat and prrfect ernub of Obubmtt, 

 i penetrated by UM flbrw of this minerml. Found 

 tt> UM pcsviaM of Tarapaea, Peru. The following u an analyu* 

 (after drjria* at lio; Fahr.) : 



46-111 



: 



::.. 



HAT-TIT. 



[SvtTixl 



- 



-100- 



MA/.KI. NTT. UM fruit of the wild biuh of Coiyliu Arellano, 

 achaaajed aad aaimproTed by cultivation. It differ, from the 

 aaewrttaated varieties only in being smaller and rather more hardy. 



HEAD. fBm*i ; SMUTOV.] 

 HEARIKU. [KAR.J 



VKT i* the central organ of the circulation, and by it* alternate 

 eealfsellna* aad dilatation* ierel*e the principal power by which th- 

 Uood is awnd thnxajh UM bedie* of UM higher animal*. It* 

 y aad phyeiology will b* marie roort eaaily intelligible by con- 

 [ tret UMprtaeipal varieties of theou-eolation or other motion 

 Hive fluid which occur la UM animal kingdom ; bearing in 

 I that the mala object* for which such a motion is required are 

 a eeaetaa* supply of fluid adapted for their nutrition to all part* of 

 Ike body, end Ha regular exposure to UM influence of atmospheric air, 

 that by UM proceas of respiration it may be fitted for maintaining the 

 Me of UMsas-jaL 



The ehapw* node by which a distribution of nutritive fluid in 

 Hill t* bjr BMJHM at ramification, proceeding from th* stomach or 

 lal rtail oaaal to variooe parta of the body, which occur, in the 

 Hm /a/erte, iatasUaal worm*. JB-*,'.,. Mttmm, and other moo- 

 kwytsa. la all UMM the difeetive eaaal and the circulating system 

 feras bail OM aaparataa: UM food, which in the higher animals 

 IT*, a iM.lfuam proeea* of aammilation before It is fitted to 

 , with UM blood, is 10 them already adapted f..r nutrition. In 

 f the** enrreati can b* eeea psaalng in opposite directions 

 > I >'' ta* UM dkMtiv. cavity, exactly like those 

 i to exist la UM eteso* of Oajr. aad other pUnte, and proba- 

 bly produced by the motion of cilue which line the 

 tobei, bat an too minute to be dieasned in all 

 oaeseereo with the miorosoope. In many instance* 

 however eflla have been observed, a* in the can of 

 lirmmttt aaMWg the *pong. Cilia have also 

 Uea shown to rxiHand tooana* the cnrrenta ob- 

 erTed in many of UM /tamMex. ( y.iartwly 

 Joon-l of Miaraeeopieal Scieoo*.- vol. il p. SSM.) 

 la UM /Wen. aad aooM of the Tr^uod. a 

 n ha* been diaoorared in 

 .d digestive tube*. In the 

 fanaer UM main Irak he* the shape of an oval 

 loop (. 4, t , rf,. froo, w |,icb capillary network* 

 erise aoH uajajuiliali freely togvtber, and with a 



-* . ... 



essn contracting and 

 ion* of fluid ha* yet 



found in the 



" ta 



,: 



Alteraate raotiona of the blood may be aeen in UMM veiuwLi : at one 

 moment the lateral vee*el (6, i), and the central (a. a, a), with the 

 communicating branohe* between them, are Been filled with blood ; 

 while the other lateral reeaal (r, r) and ita branches are empty. In 

 the next moment c, c nd ita branches are filled, while a ami 6 are 

 empty ; ao that one lateral venae), and the central one, are alwaya 

 oppoaed in action to the other lateral one. The central continue* 

 acting with one of the lateral for 20 or 25 |ml- 

 aation*, and then it* relation change* and it 

 act* in unison with the other. During the 

 contraction of a lateral vessel the blood evi- 

 dently flows from it through the middle tran*- 

 vcne vessel* over to the other side, and in the 

 next moment returns. The contraction pro- 

 ceeds gradually from behind forward*, so that 

 a wave (as it were) of blood is seen pinning 

 from one end of the lateral and of the central 

 vessel to the other, and then returning in the 

 contrary direction through the other lateral 

 vessel. In this manner it is probable that a 

 constant circulation is maintained along the 

 sides of the auimal, and its direction seems to 

 be changed after every eight or thirteen pulsa- 

 tions. The same general type of circulating 

 system is found in earthworms and all the 

 other Aunt I iila. 



Hitherto nothing has been seen which could 

 fairly be called a heart, nor have the .vessels 

 presented any characters by which they could 

 be separated into system* of arterie* and 

 for all alike seem to perform at different times 

 the functions of both. A more distinct division 

 of the parts of the circulating system is Tumul 

 in insect*. They have a large vessel (a. a) run- 

 ning along the back, divided by numerous con- 

 Htrictious into a series of communicating cavities, 

 between which there are lab-mi openings through 

 which the blood is received, and which are 

 guarded by valves to prevent the blood from 

 flowing out. Through this, which is commonly 

 called the dorsal artery, but which may rather 

 be regarded a* a series of ventricle?, the blood 

 paMea from behind forwards, diverging into 

 small streams, one of which flows to euch of 

 the antenna}, feet, 4c. No distinct vessel* can be detect. , I in 

 which tbeae minor current* may run ; they seem simply to |tass 

 through the various tissues, and having nrrivr.1 at their 

 nations, to form there into arches, and return and empty themselve* 



into abdominal ves- 

 sels o, b, which may 

 be regarded as v< 

 and through wlii< It 

 the blood flowing 

 from before back- 

 ward is r. turned into 

 the dorsal artery 

 through the 

 iiiiitiirntioiiH nli'.rh 



UXist lietiveen til, 111 

 III, it Illi 



part This is also 



tile plan of tlio cilell- 



lii'ing KvMem which 

 with \arii.ns iinxliti- 

 catioiiH prevails in 

 the Ai-ar/,iii,in niul 

 the low, i ' 



111 the i, l-il, IK nl- 



'. IMI 



manf 



found for the purpose 

 of exposing the blood 

 to the influence of 

 the air. Kither the 

 whole or part of the 

 blood undergoes re- 

 spiration ,.,, the whole 

 ut face of the body, 

 or at the trachea-, or 

 the \ n^ed 



ill especial HVHtclllR 



tor that purpose. Jn 

 "ollow however, we nhnll nlwrrve n separate ami e.nnpli- 

 ated respiratory opparat iii.; ami that the form of the heart and iU large 

 euaread*! rate cormipondence with thai Us or 



ungs, and according a* the wl, , to i, 



*P OBel '** * CB round of the circulation to the influence of the air. 



