HEAT. VEGETABLE. 



KEBRADB1TOBON. 



M 



Tb* rroJurtioci of beat it also dependent on th* mas* of th* 

 r W*d. cf UM blood aad tb* rapU!ty with which UM/ circulate. 

 Wtam UM. , l~ Uood^lotmU th. a*e.aty for U. ^or*> 

 I in Uw 1*00* ratio, and th* circulation lcom.s 

 t i* that there ia leas beat developed. On 

 i of globules, but which U 



mrm *MHV mmm 



Wyr--l- 

 alMW.aadtb*. 



I was slowly, develop*. l**ab*at than blood which o 



f clobuMs but which i* more rapidly circulated, 

 bo consumed in UM litter than in the former 



the blond and the general change of 



secondary source of heat It baa been 



all solid bodies, organic and inorganic, 



i of temperature when moistened with different 

 __ |sj organic snlntMn*. it may amount to from 11* to 18*. 

 Wne* tb* (j(t of iattaiphni is always effected through humid 

 this sowree of beat must be regarded as of great 

 if it be not actually identical with the catalytic 

 i of the cell* themselves." (Simon.) 



/ Gnttral and Otmpuralirt M|W|sjf; 



,' Jf**V*J CTteaTutr*. translated by Day.) 



HEAT, VEGETABLE. That plants posaeas a temperature higher 

 *>i*n *h** of the air which surrounds them is known by the 

 i fact that snow melt* at UM foot of a tree sooner than at a 

 from it; that the temperature is lower in summer i* equally 



TABLE I. 



Observation* made on the diunial variation* of heat in the ktems ;i 

 *lJwrbta LatHyrit. 



- 



UM fluid which ia discharged from 

 whan eat acroee. Tbaa* phenomena 



away via** and viae-Uka plant* 



ban ban* *- ** ' with oar* by aeveral observers : John Hunter 

 fovad that a tbmnoaMter whoa* bulb waa plunged 11 inches deep in 

 UM irunk of a almrt 'I**, ganerally indicated in the autumn a higher 



thaa that of the external air by 2 or 3 degree* ; Scbopf 



York, aad Bitrkander in Sweden, Pictet, and Maurice, and 

 _ other observer*, have obtained aimilar result*; they have 

 vrn Mbers aad bulbs with a temperature higher in winter 

 than that of UM external air by or 7 degree* Kcaum., while on the 

 other band from tb* spring to the autumn it U lower. 



Tb* format fact account* in aom* measure for the power possessed 

 by som* plant* of milting cold in winter, and for the protection 

 given to UM upper part, of tree* by heaping straw up against their 

 "is la winter. 1 Hiring every season of the year tree* are absorbing 

 from UM earth ; water when absorbed parta with it* heat very 

 r throned UM oarbonsted matter of a trunk; in winter the 

 earth, which determine* that of the water it 

 la uniformly higher than that of the atmosphere, and 

 rtly UM temperature of the interior of a tree is also 

 bajbW. in proportion to UM difference between the heat of the soil 

 and that of UM air. In the *pring and summer, on the contrary, 

 UM earth i* cooler than th* air, and the temperature of trees is cooler 



throw aome light upon the effect* of frost 

 ana*) tr**a. A young tew ia, csHeria paribu*, affected more than an 

 old on* of th* aasjM apMlea ; either because its roota derive their food 

 from a smaller disUoe* under UM aoil, or because the heat obtained 

 froaa UM aoil la sooner parted with on account of the Uiinnean of the 

 bark and the atnallnaaa of UM whole maaa. Unhealthy treea, which 

 al* rafiVr in like manner, may be auppnaed to do so in consequence 

 of UM waaknatj of their power of pumping warmer fluid up from the 

 aoil in winter. 



IwUpatxIrnUy of this sourc* of beat in Tegetablea, there is another 

 that daairtai attention. Whenever oxygen combine* with carbon to 

 farm rarbooie aclst an extrication of beat takes place, however minute 

 UM amount; soch a eombination oocnr* much more exteniv.-ly 

 dvriaa; UM gmninatioo of aaada aad UM impregnation of flowera than 

 ay other time. At the first of theaa periods extrication of beat 

 ' m tilao* to a oooaidenbb amount, aa is remarked in the (tennina- 

 i of barUy baaned ia rooms, previously to being manufactured 

 : in UM laUar It alao occur*, but In consequence of flower* 

 oaflaed la clos* casra. UM beat ia lost aa soon as it is di- 

 sad n*v*r aoimmnlata*, exorpt in a few special instance*. 

 f-tiiHl UM temperature of the male flowers of the common 

 at between 7 aad o'clock in the morning, half a centi 

 nd* dam* bigW than that of the air; and those of the tuberose 

 1lh* of a similar drgrre. It la however only when large quantities 

 e/aWan Maaod within cloa* case* that this phenomenon ia 



it 



toiy naaaiiitls Aorordmgly, in the apatbe of araoeou* 

 baa bean raaaaiaeJ U It* grwlMt intensity. Lamarck, Sen 

 D* (aarfolU. fooad the flower* of Anm manlalum, betweim 

 7 o'clock in UM afternoon, aa much a* 7 degree* Roaum. warmer 

 UM external air. KchulU found a diflerenoe of 4 to 5 degrees 

 i UM bat of UM .path, of Caladimm ,,innlijl,lm and the 

 ' t ..rfroi to 7 o'clock, p.m. Hubert and Roryde^ 

 tbat U smriaa UM spath* of Anm tontifoliu* 

 ia the Isle of Fraaee an afevatioB of SO degreea tUanrn. above the 

 llamsakira. PbWIy, Mn.r> Vn.lik atxl Vriee at Amstnl*ni, sn. 

 A**lbs BrMajaian at Par... have oonAnned the bet by new obwrva 

 *awa a. tW b*4hoOM of tboM cttiaa. 



Tb. M)wma; laMn of rxperiroent* on thia aubject by Dutroclie 

 > 



The hour of maximum varied from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m., and the 

 temperature VHricd from about one-tenth to rather more than half a 

 degree Fahrenheit. lu the case of fungi the following results were 

 obtained : 



TABLE III. 



HKATH. [CAI.LDNA ; EUICACWL] 



HKATHKR. [EBU-V.] 



HKlilIAliKMiltiiN, a gcniui of Plant* belon K in K to the n 

 order Cltuiacttc. It was established by Professor Graham of K.I n 

 burgh, for the Gamboge-Tree of ( Vylni. The gamboge of commerce 

 is known by the names of Ceylon and Siam gamboge. 



The gamboge of .Siam ia in cylinder*, either xnlid orhollmv, usually 

 called pipe* : it is supposed to have tliirt form from licing no rolli <l, .>! 

 from being poured into the hollow of bamboos, according to 

 tenant White, in his ' Visit to Cochin China.' It is usually of the 

 beat quality, but Mr. Pcn-ira ha* shown that some very impure is 

 occasionally* in the form of pipes. As this pipe-gnmboge is usually 

 exported from Singapore, it has been doubted wln-th<-r it Wiw actually 

 "luce nf Siam ; but we have specimens from Mr. O. Swinton, 

 whii-li were sent to him direct from Si;mi when he w chief secretary 

 of the Indian government, as the produce of that country, an. I which 

 are identical with the best pipe-gamboge of commerce. The only 

 information respecting it* preparation which we possess is that pwn 

 nig by a Catholic pnent, who officiated a* such to the Catholic* 

 of Cochin China, and who stated that the in.-. 



from breaking the leave* and young shrubs, as well a the fragrant 

 ligmi-n aloes, is given aa a tribute to the king of Siam by the < hi 

 residing there. The tree munt therefore be common, and probably 

 near inhabited placfea, and therefore very likely to be 

 (YxwiaTAntrnfu of l/iun-iro (now ref'-nvil to II 

 name* it from it* n<-id fruit, ami o 



I'hina. We have "|M-eimens of a plant something ximiliirto this in the. 



i it* leaven from Mr. Malcolmnon, collected by him in Rangoon, 



which he ilioui'ht miL'ht IK- the ^mnlio < plant, a it contained tt yellow 



