HEPATIC^. 



HKIIIUIUUM. 



On ilia', account however 

 at rabtioa of Aranc, but iu decidedly 

 to UM uni.m of the two in the same 



HKPATIC.K. that portion of the ol d family of Vri, or MOM*, 

 NBBoaly ** Urr-WortJ, have reoeivc.1 UiU name. In hi 

 M~+l. I* LbMller rrfer* UM older. RirtiaeT. Kqnut- 

 , MM! JfwdUafi**** to UM diviion Ilrpatica. 

 ; RICCIACU; JuxouJUXxiACK.: MABCIIAKTUCEJI ; 



IIKI'ATITK. (R* 

 UK i'ATl'S. Uln-.ll*. 





for a genus of Brachyuroiu frusta- 



UK ' ATI'S. LaUvilM* nro for geau* of Brmchyuroiu frusta 

 *, nUosd by M. MUot-Kd ward* noder UM tribe of Calappiana, and 

 la UM Of-Moa of UM letter. establishing UM puMg* between th< 



.' 



. _. in their general form; the Ualappa, 



to UM di.p.itioo of their chela; (manus); and 



1 , *-':* they dilfcr bat little with reference to the 



of UM orgaaiMtion of the mouth. The carapace U large, 

 regularly arched anteriorly, strongly narrowed po.- 

 iatie rvfwiu are very large, and the branchial region* very 

 The front ie narrow, straight, rather projecting, and placed a 

 good daal above UM M*d of the lateral border of the carapace, which 

 geloey iteatr awfer UM orbiU to reach the aides of the buccal frame. 

 The orwte are amall, circular, and placed on the name levl with the 

 Croat. The internal antrauv are aomewhat apart, and are bent back 

 vey obliquely under the front. The external antenna} occupy tlie 

 internal angle of UM orbit*, which they aeparate from the antennary 

 pita; lMrbaUry joint i* narrow, but rather long; the second is, 

 oo UM contrary, Mnall. and their terminal tem U nearly rudimentary. 

 UM boooal frame, which U very narrow forward*, and nearly regularly 

 trinyihr. prolong! iteelf beyond the lerel of the lower border of the 

 orbifa, and u entirely occupied by the external jaw-feet, the third 

 jotajt of which triangular and terminated internally by a straight 

 dcr which are concealed the remaining joints. The sternal 

 I it oral, and prewnta nothing remarkable. The anterior feet 



are rtrooc; without being large, and are capable of a clone and exact 

 application agaiut UM lower surface of the body, where they are 

 entirely eoocealed : the band U surmounted by a crest, and the claws 

 are rather inclined downwards and inwards. The remaining feet are 

 of moderate length, and the abdomen is divided into seven joints in 



The only specie* known, Htjalut faicialut (Calappa anyuttata of 

 Kabrictos; Cumar frmapi of Herbst; and Calapp* anyutlata of 

 BOK), and tt. OaiatM, are inbabitanU of the coasts of America : the 

 Ant having been found In the north and at the Antilles ; the second 

 oo UM coast of Valparaiso. (Milne-Edwards.) 



HKPIAXin.K. a family of l-.pidonl.-nm. Inwcts of the section 

 Uftf .V<MTra of Ulreillc. The M-.th. M,,i,ging to this 

 ly are distiafuUhed by the want of tongue, the wings being 

 Mesad. MOR aod narrow, ami UM thorax devoid of crest. Their 

 i lire In the inferior of vegetable*, on which they feed, or in some 

 ** !r*f* to **"" * TOUD<1 ' "x* ftfd "P n * oU of plant* ; 



rf ' 



7 leaky, naked, and have six thoracic, eight abdominal, and 

 T^T ^"JP"*** " *> *egent* of the body denticulated. 



^/ * f^T^jP* <* ontalnd In this family are llepiatut, Count, 



* ^? f*" H f Ut " t ('abricitt.) UM anUnme are much shorter 

 t tbe Uwrat. the wiwpi an long and narrow, the posterior pair 

 be anterior. The larva live In the ground and up.m 

 **'**teo* peaBta. 



M *5T*Jy "?***** *"* *nooly known by the name of Qhott- 

 sn example of thi. genua. Thi. moth measure* from 

 U *o 1 UN*- ,n width wbeo UM wing, are expanded, and a large 



' female U sometimes S inches iu width. The male u of au imma- 

 culate silvery-white colour above, and browu beneath. When on 



I the wing, which is usually in the evening about twilight, it is seen 

 with tolerable distinctness if below the eye, on account of its white 

 rl,mr; but upon a slight change in its position, when the darker 

 colour of the underside of the wings is opposed to the eye, it xml- 

 ilriily disappears; hence probably arise* the name which has bean 

 applied to it. 



Mr. Stephens, in hi* ' British Entomology,' however accounts for 

 the name in another manner ; he saya it is " very common iu grassy 

 places in the middle of June, and not unfrequently met with in church- 

 yard*, whence it* name of Obost-Moth." The female Qhost-Mcitli in 

 very dissimilar in colour to the male ; indeed such is the case in all 



' this species of //epialta. The anterior wings are of a buff yellow 

 colour above, with spots of a deeper hue ; the under wings are palish- 

 brown, having a faint pink-tint. 



Five or six other specie* of this genus inhabit this country. 

 (Stephen*, Illiulrnlioni of Jiritith Entomology.) 

 HKKArl.KTM, a genua of Plants belonging to the natural oi.i.r 

 i'atbellifera and the tribe Pewxdanece. The calyx consists of 5 minute 

 teeth, the petals abcordate with an indexed point, the outer ones 

 radiant. There are thirty-four species noticed, but only one of 

 these is found in Great Britain, and few are applied to any u-. ful 



parpoM, 



//. ^j. 



, Cow-Parsnip, or Hog- Weed, has ternnto ]>i 

 leaves, the leaflets lobed or pinnatifid, cut, and serrated. Th 

 is about 4 feet high, the lower leaves very large, and the flowers white 

 or reddish. It is a native of Europe, and probably of Siberia, and 

 is found plentifully in the meadows and hedges of Cre.it Britain. 

 The whole plant affords wholesome and nourishing food for cattle, 

 and is collected in Sussex for fattening hogs ; hence it is soni< 

 called Hog- Weed. Cows and rabbits are also fond of it, and horses 

 will sometimes eat it, but it does not appear to be s agreeable to 

 them. The Kamtschatkadalea and Huiwiiins are in the habit of using 

 the shoots and leaf-stalks as food, after the rind, which is bitter, has 

 been token off. They collect large bundles of the plants, and during 

 the process of drying the stalks become covered with a saccharine 

 efflorescence, which is esteemed a great delicacy. The Russians 

 distil an ardent spirit from the stalks thus prepared, by first ferment- 

 ing them in water with bilberries. The seeds of the plant ore diuretic 

 and stomachic, and exhale a powerful odour. 



//. jntbaeeni has ternate leaves, somewhat pubescent beneath ; the 

 leaflets toothed and pinnatifid ; the umbels of many rays ; involucre 

 from 1 to 2 leaves ; the fruit elliptic having the disc rather villous. 

 It is a native of Taurida iu shady places, and of the Caucasus in 

 alpine places. The young shooU are filled with a sweet aromatic 

 juice, which is eaten by the natives of the Caucasus in a crude state. 



II. J'yrtnaicum has large leaves, tomcutose beneath ; the leaflets 

 lanceolate, toothed, or ternate ; the involucre of few leaves ; the young 

 fruit covered with long hairs ; the matured ones glabrous and nearly 

 orbicular. It is a native of the Eastern and Central Pyrenees, and of 

 Italy. 1 >. Don thinks that this plant is identical with the //. ;/ 

 ferum of Willdcnow, which was supposed to yield the (ium Ammonia- 

 cum of commerce. Don has however identified the plant which yields 

 this gum, and has placed it in a new genus. [DOKKMA.] 



All the species of tteracltum grow well iu any soil, and are cosily 

 propagated by seeds or by dividing the root. 



(Don, IHchlamytltout Planti ; Burnett, Oultinet of Botany ; Babing- 

 ton, Manual of liritith Botany.) 



II KKBAHIUM, the name given to specimens of Plants wli.n 

 have been collected and dried. The jwssession of an berh.-iriuiu is 

 nliiKwt essential to the study of systematic Botany, as it is impossible 

 to iMiltivatc at once the larger proportion of the species of plants which 

 inli.il.it the earth's surface. The use also of an herbarium will ! 

 found constantly to supply the place of recent plnnta. Hence all 

 persons who study botany posses* themselves of an herbarium more 

 or less extensive according to the range and nature of their e; 

 The following hints for forming an herbarium are chiefly 'I 

 from Professor Bal four's valuable ' Class-Book of Botany : '-- 



The specimens to be dried and kept in the herbarium should, if 

 possible, be gathered iu fine weather, and free from external moixtnrr. 

 In selecting tin-in care ahnuld be taken to have the plants in a i 

 state of growth, with nil the parts from which the characters f the 

 nrdi-r, genus, or species are taken. The entire plant, where | 

 cable, should be preserved. Of course this in impossible with 

 but the completer the specimens the better fer study. In tn-c 

 tions of the branches, with the leaves, flowers, and fruit should be 

 taken, and, where possible, sections or small portions of the stem, 

 roots, 4c. In the case of tall and slender grasses and Hedges, they 

 may be folded once or twice backwards and forwards, to make rooui 

 f'-r them on a single sheet. Thick branches, root*, sterna, ftc. may be 

 split to allow of pressure. In plants with dioecious flowers, both th 

 nUminiferous and pistilliferous flowers should be obtained. Some 

 plants, u specie* of tho genus Ruhut and Kalis, demand that both 

 flowering and leafing shoots should be gathered. In glueing the 

 plants on to the paper, care must be taken to expose both si Jex, no that 

 all part* of the structure may be seen. Careful dissections of plants 

 may be dried and fattened on to paper, and th. se will facilitate 



