THE 



ENGLISH CYCLOPAEDIA. 



NATURAL HISTORY. 



HABENARIA. 



HJEMODORACEJE. 



TJABENA'RIA, a genuB of Plants belonging to the natural order 



* Orchitlacetf. This geniM has a ringcnt hooded perianth, a 3-lobcd 

 entire spurred lip. There are three species natives of Great 

 Britain. 



H. viridit, the Frog-Orchis, has a very short 2-lobed spur, linear 

 flat 3-pointed lip, the middle point the shortest. The flower is 

 green, and the lip of a brownish colour. It is the Penutylut of 

 Lindley, and the Ifimanloylosium of Reichenbach. It grows in 

 pastures. 



//. fjifolia, the Lesser Butterfly-Orchis, is distinguished by the lip 

 being linear and entire, and the pollen-masses parallel. The flowers 

 are white. It is found in heathy places. 



//. Morantha, the Great Butterfly-Orchis, has the same general 

 characters as the preceding species ; but the flowers are larger, and 

 the plant is taller and stouter. The pollen-masses ascend obliquely 

 and converge upwards. It grows in moist woods and thickets. 



(Babington, Manual of British Botany.) 



HABROCOMA, a genus of Mammalian Animals belonging to the 

 order Rodtntia and the sub-order Hyitricida. Two species were 

 taken by Mr. Darwin near Valparaiso, II. Cuvitri and H. Bennetii. 

 [HTSTBICID.B.] 



HABZE'LIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Arumacax. It has a 3-lobed caly x ; 6 petals, the inner ones smallest ; 

 ihe stamens very numerous ; the torus convex ; the carpels distinct, 

 indefinite in number, long, cylindrical, obsoletely ventricose or 

 toniloge, smooth, striated lengthwise, becoming many-celled by the 

 pericarp growing together ; many-seeded, the seeds elliptical, arillate, 

 somewhat erect, numerous, shining, one in each of the cells 

 of the fruit ; the arillus formed of two white unequal obcordate 

 membranes. 



//. tEthiopica has ovate-acute leaves, 3 inches long, 12 to 14 lines 

 broad, smooth on the upper surface, and downy beneath ; the carpels 

 are pod-shaped, 1-2 inches long, knotted, striated, quite smooth, with 

 the taste of pepper. The fruit has a pungent aromatic taste, and is 

 often substituted for other spices. It is the Piper JSthiopicum of the 

 shops, and the Anona jEthiopica of Duval and other botanists. It is 

 a native of Sierra Leone. H. aromatica is another species, yielding a 

 pungent aromatic fruit. It grows in the forests of Guyana, and the 

 fruit is used by the negroes as a condiment. 



(Lindley, Flora Medico.) 



H.VKBOLT. [Pcrniccs.] 



HADDOCK. [MOIIBHUA; GADIDJE.] 



H.KMANTHUS. [AMABYLLIDACE*.] 



( I . KMATITE, a name given to certain forms of the native Peroxide 

 of Iron. When of a red colour it is called Red Hicmatite; and 

 when brown, Brown Haematite. [IRON.] 



H.KMATOCOCCUS (from <dju, blood, and <!<<KOI, a grain), a 

 genus of Plants belonging to the natural order of Alga. It is 

 characterised by being composed of spherical or oval cells of various 

 sizes, each cell being invested with one or more concentric vesicles or 

 membranes, multiplied either by division or by granules formed 

 within tlio parent cells. Several species of this genus have been 

 t>ed. One of the first observed was the //. tanyuinetu, which, 

 liko tuo }ln\ Snow-I'lant (Protococcut nivalit), has its cells coloured 

 r--.| ; hence the generic name. Several of the species however are of 

 a green colour, and Kiitzing and others on this account have proposed 

 the name Microcyitu for this genus of plants. 



HAT. HIT. DIV. VOL. HI. 



The species arc found upon moist rocks, on the walls of caverns 

 and in damp places. [RED SNOW ; PBOTOCOCOCS.] 



(Hassall, British Freshwater Algae; Botanical and Physiological 

 Memoirt of the Ray Society.) 



HJS'MATOPS, a name given by Mr. Gould to a genus of Birds 

 inhabiting Van Dicmen's Land and New South Wales, and thus 

 characterised by him : 



Bill shorter than the head, slightly curved, without any denticle at 

 the apex, rather compressed. Nostrils longitudinal, and covered by 

 an operculum ; no bristles at the gape. Wings moderate, first quill 

 short, third and fourth nearly equal and longest. Tail moderate, 

 equal or slightly forked. Tarsi moderate, the rather strong hallux and 

 claw equalling the middle toe and claw; external toes equal in length. 

 Ensanguined spots or marks (nsevi sanguinolenti) above the eyes. 



Mr. Gould recorded two species, Hivmatops valdirostris, 6| inches 

 in length (Van Diemen's Land), and 11. gularii, 6 inches long (New 

 South Wales). 



H^EMATOPUS. [CHABADBIAD*.] 



H.KMATOUNIS. [FALCONIDA] 



H.EMATOKYLON, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural 

 order Palacea or Leyuminoice. It has 5 sepals united into a perma- 

 nent tube. The petals, 5 in number, are scarcely longer than the 

 sepals. There are no stamens ; the filaments hairy at the base ; the 

 anthers without glands ; style capillary. The legume is compresses, 

 flat, lanceolate, acuminate at each end, 2-seeded; the sutures iude- 

 hiscent; the valves bursting longitudinally. 



H. Campcachianum, Logwood, a tree common all over the West India 

 Islands. It is a low spreading tree, with a stem generally crooked 

 and deformed, seldom thicker than a man's thigh ; the branches 

 somewhat flexuose, terete, covered with whitish dots. In mountain 

 and mois* situations it is unarmed, but in the plains, or where the 

 tree is stunted, it is furnished with spines below the leaves ; the leaves 

 2 or 4 from the same point (an irregular tough tubercular prominence), 

 pinnate, sometimes dividing in a bipinnate manner at the lowest pair 

 of leaflets ; the leaflets 4-paired, shortly stalked, obovate or obcordate ; 

 the racemes at first about the length of the leaf, afterwards, as the 

 pods form, elongating ; the flowers on pedicels half an inch in length, 

 yellow, and slightly fragrant ; the calyx deeply 5-parted ; the lobes 

 unequal, thrice membranous, purplish, deciduous ; the tube short, 

 green, and bell-shaped ; the petals nearly equal, obovate, wedge-shaped 

 at the base, scarcely longer than the sepals ; the stamens alternately 

 short, inserted (as also the petals) on the inside of the margin of the 

 persistent tube of the calyx ; anthers ovate ; ovary lanceolate, com- 

 pressed, 3-seeded ; style projecting beyond the stamens and petals ; 

 stigma capitate, expanded ; the pods compressed, flat, lanceolate, 

 acuminate at both ends, 2-seeded, not opening at the sutures, but 

 bursting longitudinally by a division passing down through both tha 

 valves. It is chiefly used by dyers. It is a powerful astringent, and 

 may be employed as a substitute for kino, catechu, &c. In diarrhoea 

 and dysentery the decoction is used with benefit. 



H^EMOCHARIS. [ANNKLIDA.] 



H^EMODORA'CE^E, Blood-Roolt. Under this name Dr. Robert 

 Brown proposed, in the year 1810, to separate from the natural 

 order Iridacea; the genera Jfcemodorum, Canoitylit, Anigozanthos, 

 Plilebocarya, Dilatrit, Lanaria, J/eritiera, and Wachendorjia. He 

 remarked that they are abundantly different, especially iu being 

 hexandrous, or in having the stamens, if only three in number, 



