HUANACO-RARK. 



HUMULUa 



1M 



1 they ar* employed in the tune way to promote sup- 



Heveral spariea of thi gram are cultivated in our garden* on account 

 of Uwir elepmt Bower*, which, from their ourioiu wax-like appear- 

 ux. (hv. rim to the name of Wax-Plant*. 



lit 'AMV.MUKK. 



Ill 



HIV fB 



HrMHOLDTILlTK. [SUMCRTILUT*.] 



II r MB<>1.1>T1NK, a mineral Oxalate of Iron. This substance occurs 

 iijsUHins and ma-dve; the crystalline form U undetermined. 

 Fraeture uneven, earthy. Colour brightiah-yeUow ; devoid of lustre ; 

 opaque. Specific gravity variously stated from 13 to 2'13. Hardnes* 

 iftifasrt to scratch gypsum, but U scratched by mica. 



It u insolnU* in water, but dissolve* in nitric acid without effer- 

 , and impart* a yellow colour to it 



'1 flat linn reniform pieces, of a 



The massive Tariety occurs in mull flattul 

 fine earthy structure ; colour greenish-yellow. 

 Aualjsu by Rivero : 



Oxalic add 

 Protoxide of iron 



46-14 

 I : -: 



100. 



II I ' V I'"I . I 'TITK. Thin mineral i a Boro-silicate of Lime, and is 

 therefore a Tariety of DaUkolite, unices indeed it be identical with it, 

 which has been supposed to be the case. It occurs crystallised. 

 Primary form an oblique rhombic prism. Cleavage parallel to the 

 oblique diagonal of the prism ; fracture conchoidaL Hardness 4-5 to 

 8-0. Colour white and yellowish-white ; streak white. Lustre vitreous, 

 transparot, translucent ; opaque. Specific gravity 2-99. 



Found in the Tyrol, in the Han, in North America, and near 



BHMsWVUKt**) 



Hl'MlKIA'CE.K, II*miriadt, a natural order of Plants belonging 

 to the Synoarpous group of Polypetalous Exogens. It has the follow- 

 ing ssssntls.1 characters : The calyx is in 5 division* ; the petals alter- 

 nate with the lobe* of the calyx and equal to them ; the stamens 

 h vpogynous, four or many times as numerous a* the petals, monadel- 

 pb<>us ; the anthers 2-cellod, with a fleshy connective, extended beyond 

 the two lobe* ; the ovary superior, usually surrounded by an auricular 

 or toothed disc, S-oelled, with from one to two suspended ovules in 

 each cell ; the style simple, the stigma lobed ; the fruit drupaceous, 

 with five or fewer cells ; the seed with a membranous integument, the 

 embryo straight, oblong, lying in fleahy albumen ; the radicle superior. 

 The planU belonging to the order are trees or shrub* abounding in a 

 resinous juice, with alternate simple coriaceous exstipulate leaves, 

 and axillary corymbs of flowers. 



The affinities of this order are not well made out. In their albumi- 

 nous **ed* and slender embryo they agree with Styracea, as also in 

 Jaamlc wood. They resemble Mtluuea very much in habit 

 ami in their fructification, but the anthers and seeds of ffumiriacete 

 dilbr very much from those of Mdiacttx. Von Martins compares this 

 onl*r with Ckltnaeta, whilst Lindley think* that their real affinity is 

 with AmraMliaeta "an affinity," he observes, "indicated by their 

 inflorescence, the texture of their stamens, their disc, their winged 

 petiole*, and their balsamic juices." There are three genera belonging 

 to this order. BtmtHtm, Itdlena, and Saccogloltit. All are native* of 

 the tropical pane of America. 



#*Jew'ris (from Oumiri, the Guyanese name of one of the species) 

 has JO stamens joined into a tube, the alternate ones shortest, ciliated 

 ove, an annular disc 20-lobed, the stigma C-lobed, the fruit 

 eootatamr a 5-celled nut, the cells 2-wedeX H. baltamiferum is a 

 f**t In height, with ovate oblong leaves half-clasping the 

 em, with a deeuimt nerve on the back, the inflorescence longer 

 than UM i lea v^ the peduncle* smooth as well as the petals. This tree 

 * ' "^7 ,f ^T""- Ite bark U thick, and abounds with a red 

 baUaaie fluid, which reeeroble* styrax in smell ; after it has exud-d 

 itbeeomes hard and transparent, and when burnt affords 

 adour. The negroes and natives of Guyana use the 

 Up* for the Purpose of flambeaux ; they also use the wood 

 tr bouse*. We have no account of the composition of 

 tooo* juiee, but Aublet suggest* that it might be used a* a 

 w~j Peruvian Balaam. The Creoles call this tree Red- 



count of the colour of the wood. H.jlonb*nd*m U a 

 eet high ; the trunk when wounded yields a fragrant 



vpsrtie* of Copaiva and Ralaaam of Peru. The other 

 .-mm, and also those of UtUtri* ud Satcoglottu, yield 



Hl'MITK Thia mineral occurs in attached crystals, the 



- 



pe " di]T - Colour, various shade* of yellow 

 . iMariy eolourle. Translucent, transparent 



J>W*r. vitnon*. Heated by the blow-pipe it be- 

 otMs opaq^butkMt fumble; with bofJ it fir. . us,*rent 



HUMMING BIRDS, the name of a brilliant family which include* 

 the smallest of Birds. [TiiaouuDJL] 



1U'MULUS, a gemu of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 Crlicacat. It has the following characters: Flowers dioecious. 

 Male* with the perianth parted ; stamens 6 ; females with the perigone 

 scale-like, open, hidduii by the scales of au oval catkin ; stigma* 2, 

 elongated. 



//. /.H/.M/M, the Hop, twines round hedges in many parts of 

 Europe. It is truly wild in England, and is also fouud apparently 

 wild in the United States of America. It has rough opposite cordate 

 lobed leaves, and numerous greenish-white flowers, of which the 

 Hexes are distinct In the male the flowers form loose drooping 

 panicles, and each consists of 5 sepals, 5 stamens, and a convex 

 centre representing the ovary. In the female the flowers are 

 arranged in little axillary stalked scaly tnfta; each consists of a 

 naked ovary, with two spreailing downy stigmas, and is inclosed 

 by a concave bract. These bract* increase in size after the flower- 

 ing is past, are collected into a loose head of imbricated scales, 

 within which are placed the small seed-vessels, or seeds, as they are 

 usually called. 



The female flowers, termed cones, strobuli, or catkins, of this 

 plant, when ripe, constitute the Hops, which, independent of their 

 employment in brewing, are of considerable utility in medicine. The 

 mature hops consist of .a number of imbricated membranous scales, 

 baring the fruit at their base : the surface both of the scales and of 

 the fruit is studded with aromatic glands, which prepare a material 

 bearing considerable resemblance to the pollen of the anthers, and 

 termed Lupuline. This is the most valuable part, as in it reside the 

 essential properties of the Hop : it possesses a cellular structure, and 

 in the cells are contained volatile oil, resin, a bitter principle, with 

 tannin, and a trace of malic acid, with acetate, hydroculorate, and 

 sulphate of ammonia. 



Thr II np (Jlnmiilia Lufultu'). 



1, s branch of the frmalc plant ; 1, a branch of the male plant ; .1, a male 

 flower; 4, a brad of young female flowers ; &, a head of ripe flower* and fruit 

 In the itate of Ilopo. 



The superiority of the Hop, as an ingredient in our malt-liquors, 

 depends upon the fact of ite containing within itself several distinct 

 and independent element* of activity, which the bitter herbs that 

 have at different time* been employed as a substitute do not posses*. 

 The bitter principle impart* to the beverage a tonic quality and an 

 agreeable flavour; while at the same time an aromatic ingredient adds 

 a warmth and stimulating property, and modifies the bitterness : it 

 likewise contains an astringent principle (tannin), the effect* of which 

 are to precipitate the vegetable mucilage, and thus to remove from the 

 beer the active principle of ite fermentation : every attempt therefore 



