JAVELIN-SNAKE. 



JUGLAN8. 



hey -coloured thin juice which exude* from a fresh wound is employed 

 by lh Hindoo* a* an eecharotio to remove film* from the eye*. 



J. mmJi,tJ U a native of tropical America. It has palmate II- 

 lobed smooth leave*, the segment* wedge-ohaped aud pinnatifid ; 

 lUoeous, multifid ; flower* corymbose, scarlet, with coloured 

 The seed* are one of the beat of all emetic* and purgative*, 

 _ briskly, bat without inconvenience : their effect* are readily 

 tared by the administration of a glass of good white wine. 



J. Mm*** U now referred to the genus JamijAa. ' 



(Lindley. Flora Jttdiea.) 



JAVKLIN-8NAKB. 



JAY. (Convinm.) 



JEFFER80NITK, a Mineral belonging to the varieties of Avgiu. 

 [ArurrmJ 



JKKFHEYSIA, a genus of Molliaca belonging to the family Litto- 

 rimida, established by Mr. Alder, and named after Mr. Jeffreys of 

 Swansea. The specie* were originally referred to Jtiuoa. Forbes and 

 Hanley give two species, J. diapkana and /. ojtalina, as inhabiting 

 British sea*. 



JEJUNUM. [IsnsmM.] 



JFI.I.Y. [Fooa] 



JKKBOA. [MCRIDJL] 



JER FALCON, or GYR-FALCON, the English name of the Palco 

 itlmmdicmi of Latham, Uerfaut of the French, Hebog Chwyldro of the 

 Webb. [FALOOVIDJLJ 



JERICHO, ROSE OF, a name applied to the Anattatica, a genus of 

 Plant* *"""t*''f to the natural order Crucifenr. This genus has the 

 following characters : Silicle ventricose, with the valves bearing each 

 an appendage on the ouUide at the end ; petals obovate. There is 

 bait on* specie* 



A. //itnx-Aim/iM, the ROM of Jericho, or Holy Rose. The whole 

 plant is small, the stem branched, dichotomous ; the leaves oblong or 

 ovate, narrowed at the base into the petiole; the pods somewhat 

 pubescent. The leave* fall off from the plant after flowering, and the 

 branches and branchleU become dry, hard, and ligneous, and rise 

 upwards and bend inward* at their point* ; hence they become con- 

 tracted into a globuUr form, and in this state the plant is with 

 facility removed from the (and by the wind, and blown from the 

 desert place* where it grows into the sea. When the plant is immersed 

 in water the branches gradually expand, and the pods open and let 

 oat the seed*, which are again thrown on the shore by the tide. This 

 plant long pieaei e the power of expansion when immersed in water, 

 hence many wonderful stories are told of it* influence. It is called 

 Kaf Marvin, or Mary's Flower, in Palestine, where it is believed that 

 this plant opened at the time of the birth of our Saviour. It is a 

 native of the arid wastes in Egypt near Cairo, also of Palestine and 

 Barbary. It grow* on the roois of houses and on rubbish in Syria, 

 and on the sandy coast* of the Red Sea. 



, I ton, />.<*/. ydrtu Pianli.) 



JET, a variety of Coal, which occur* sometime* in elongated reni- 

 fonn msssri. and sometime* in the form of branches, with a woody 

 structure ; fracture conchoids! ; soft and brittle ; specific gravity but 

 littb greater than that of water ; lustre brilliant and resinous ; colour 

 velvet black ; opaque. It is found in Saxony, and also in the Prussian 

 amber-mines, in detached fragment*. The finer sorts are used for the 

 manufacture of omamrnt* and trinkets, and the coarser kinds as fuel ; 

 it burn* with a grrenuh flame and a strong bituminous smell, and 

 leaves a yellowish ash. [COAL.] 



JUHANNITE [URAKICM.] 



JoMXSTONlTE. [LEAD.] 



JOINT-FIRS. [GMTACKJL] 



JONK'SIA, a genus of Plant* of the tribe Cauiea, and of the 

 natural family of LrgnmimoKt, which was named by Dr. Roxburgh in 

 honour of Sir William Jones, who, in the midst of his numerous 

 other avocation*, found tiro* to pay attention to Indian plant*. The 

 sneebe are few in number, and indigenous in the islands of the 

 Malayan Archipelago, well a* on the eastern frontier of Bengal, 

 that is, in Silbet and lower Asam. They form tree* which are highly 

 omaoienUl from their handsome shining abruptly-pinnate leave*, and 

 from the showy nature of their crowded racemes of flowers. 



J. ^oro, the brat known species, U often referred to by Hindoo poet* 

 by the name which ha* barn adopted by botanist* to distinguish it as 

 a *prciL Ih-. Roxburgh MO, and we can in a great measure coin- 

 cide with bun in opinion, " When this trre is in full blossom, I do not 

 think the whole vegetable kingdom afford* a more beautiful object." 

 ( Flora lndica/ii.71 820.) 



JIKASTKKK. [Ctacu.] 



are a natural order of Apetalous 



JriJCOCK. [SCOLOPACIDJL] 



JUUI.ANDA'< K.K, JtylmJi, 



Kxofrooa* Plant., consisting of tree* or shrubs having eatable nut* 

 and omewbat reninou* leave*. The former are the walnut* and 

 hickory nut* of the market* ; the first produced by the genus JiKifaiu 

 Ike Utter by that called Cfcryo. The leave* are alternate ami ,,in' 

 Dated ; the Bowers usually monoecious, those which are male collected 

 in calkins. The calyx of the Utter consist* of a few scales attached 

 obliquely to a single bract, and surrounding a variable number of 

 s ; that of the females is mjxrior. The ovary is 1 -celled, and 

 i solitary erect ovule, which changes into a 4-lobed seed, with 



crumpled cotyledons, inclosed in a 2-valved nut, clothed with a fleshy 

 epicarp. The Common Walnut (JugLuu rtyia), a native of Persia, U 

 well known for it* excellent timber, from which musket-Blocks (and 

 formerly cabinet-work) are manufactured, for it* agreeable whole- 

 some nut*, aud the sweet drying oil which they furnish when pressed. 

 Carya alba, the White Hickory, beaia nut* like those of the walnut, 

 only smaller, smoother, and with a thicker shell, and furnisher a 

 valuable tough elastic white timber much employed in the construc- 

 tion of carriages and other vehicles. Other specie* of Hickory are 

 also eaten, especially the Peccan Nut, the produce of Carya olira- 

 formii, a small and delicate sort Although the fruit of these plant* 

 U eaten, it contains a purgative principle, which renders some of the 

 species cathartic, a* is the case with J. catliartica and /. nigi-a, two 

 North American specie* ; and even the common walnut participate* 

 so much in this quality, when the fruit is young, that a laxative con- 

 serve well known in domestic medicine ia prepared from it /. 

 niyra, the Black American Walnut, is a tree of remarkable size and 

 i.i inky. 



The species are chiefly found in North America, a few are East 

 Indian, one species a native of Persia and Cashmere, another of 

 Caucasus, and a third of the West India Islands. There are 4 genera 

 and 27 species. 



JUGLANS,- a genus of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 Juylarulacete. All the species are large trees. The flowers are 

 unisexual, and those containing the stamens and pistils are found on 

 the same tree. The etameniferous flowers are arranged in cylindrical 

 drooping solitary catkins, which are developed from buds borne by 

 shoot* produced the year previous to that in which the catkin appears. 

 The calyx is composed of 5 or 6 scales, which are attached to a bractea 

 at a distance from its base and tip. The stamens are from 18 to 86 

 in number. The pistiliferous flowers are solitary, or only a few in a 

 group, and are terminal on a shoot developed in the same year. The 

 calyx is ovate, including the ovary, and adhering to it, except at the 

 four-toothed tip. The petals are 4, small, and inserted into the free 

 part of the calyx. The ovary has one cell, and one erect ovule. The 

 stigmas are two or three, and fleshy, scaly, with glands. The fruit a 

 drupe. The covering of the nut is a fleshy husk of one piece that 

 bursts irregularly. The nut ia woody, consisting of two valves. The 

 seed single, erect, lobed, wrinkled. There are four species of Juylant, 

 three of which are natives of North America and one of Asia. The 

 genus Carya, to which the hickory-trees belong, was formerly included 

 under Juglant, but was separated by Nuttall. The species of Jtujlant 

 are much more rapid in their growth than those of Carya, and are 

 furnished with only simple ameuU. 



J. rtyia, the Royal or Common Walnut-Tree, is the oldest and the 

 best known of the species. Its leaves are furnished with from 6 to 9 

 oval glabrous obscurely-serrated leaflets. The fruit is oval, and 

 seated on a short inflexible peduncle. The nut is rather oval, and 

 uneven. It is a native of Persia, in the province of Ohilan on the 

 Caspian Sea. It was also seen by Loureiro in the north of China ; 

 and Pallas, who saw it in Taurida and south of the Caucasus, supposed 

 it indigenous there. 



2 



Iti'jral or Common Walnut-Troo (Juglaui rrgin\. 



1, * catkin of male flowers ; 2, * tingle male flower ; 3, a clutter of female 

 (loven. 



The Walnut-Tree was known to the Greeks under the name of 

 Persicon, Bnsilicon, and Caryon. It is uncertain at what time it was 

 first cultivated in Europe, but it was cultivated by the Romans before 

 the death of the emperor Tiberius. Its wood was much valued by 



