Ill 



K.KMI'FKIUA. 



KALMIA. 



lit 



UM Himalaya Mountain* are not some other specie*. Occuiuually 

 Utt Juniper become* a mall tre*. The fruit u used in considerable 

 quantises in UM preparation of gin, and in medicine u a powerful 

 diuretic; a kind of beer called Kenc>rette U alo obtained in some 

 part* of France by fennentin* it with barley. The words 'gin ' and 



n !..' M i4arivfl fn.iii I lii Kri-m-li nimi> nf thin IMcies. GeneVro. 



are derived from the French name of thU species, Genevre. Oil , 

 of Juniper, obtained from the bltton/i, u amid to be a useful diuretic. 



J. S**ia. UM Savin. This specie* U readily known from the j 

 its leaves being small, scale-like, and pressed close to the 

 aides which, its fruit U a light bluish-green. It forms a { 



r gloomy-looking bush, in some cases spreading near the : 



ground, in others acquiring the stature of a low tree. It it found 

 wild in the middle of Europe and the west of Asia, inhabiting the 

 most sterile soil, and U frequently met with in this country in shrub- 

 beries. Like the common Juniper, it is a diuretic and uterine 

 stimulant. For this purpose it is often used criminally, but whilst it 

 often destroys life it seldom accomplishes the object for which it is . 

 taken. Oil of Savin is a local irritant, producing blisters when applied 

 to the skin ; taken internally it is drastic and emetic. 



J. ViryitiaiuL, the Red Cedar. Notwithstanding its popular 

 name this is not generally the plant that yields the cedar wood used 

 by cabinet-makers and pencil manufacturer*, the Bermuda cedar 

 being principally so employed ; iU timber however is of great excel- 

 lence, and durability. It is a native of North America, from C'eiUr 

 Island in Lake Champlain as far as the southern side of the Gulf of 

 Mnico, chiefly preferring the vicinity of the sea. In general it is a 

 large buh ; but in favourable situations, and in such a climate as 

 that of Virginia and Carolina, it becomes a tree 40 feet high. The 

 branches of this species are erect, the leaves arranged in threes, 

 small, scale-like, and but little spreading; the fruit is deep blue, 

 covered with a mealy resinous powder. A great many fine plants 

 occur in this country ; it is not however with us an object of any 

 importance to the forester, except for the sake of variety. 



J. Bermudiana, the Bermuda lied Cedar. Very little known in 

 Great Britain, in consequence of its not bearing the climnte without 

 protection. It is a native of the Bermudas, where it becomes a large 

 tree, -with a soft fragrant wood, the value of which is well known 

 from its use in cabinet-work and the manufacture of pencils. It has, 

 when young, long narrow spreading leaves growing in threes, but 

 on the branches of old trees they become shorter, are placed in fours, 

 and thus give the shoots a four-cornered appearance. 



Of the other Junipers, J. acedia and J. Chinauu are handsome 

 hardy trees ; J. Ltuntanita, the Qoa Cedar, is also of great beauty, 

 because of its drooping habit and light gray branches, but it will not 

 live long iu England except in the warmest of the southern counties; 

 and J. Phaniceo it a handsome bush : the others are of little 

 moment. 



Jl'XKERITE. [IBOX.] 



JURA KALK, the German equivalent of the Oolitic system of 

 England. 



JURGON. [ZIRCONIA.] 



J I'STI'CI A, a genus of Exogenous Plants belonging to the natural 

 order Acanthacetr. The species of this genus inhabit all the tropical 

 parts of the world, preferring however damp woods to dry and open 

 plains. It is especially in the forests of Brazil and India that they 

 occur. Many of them are never woody, some are bushes or small 

 tree*, and a small number are valued by gardeners as objects of orna- 

 ment. As limited by Linnecus, the genus comprehended a MTV 

 discordant collection of species ; modern writers have accordingly 

 broken it up into many new genera. As now limited, Jiuticta itself 

 scarcely contains a plant of any importance. 



As among the species now removed from Jutlicia to other genera 

 there are some which are useful as medicinal agents, especially in 

 India, it may be as well to mention them here, instead of referring to 

 genera which are not yet generally known. Thus J. AMialoda, cele- 

 brated in Sanscrit works by various names, as Vidiumatri, Vasika, 

 Ac., has been called Adhaloda Vanilea, and is chiefly esteemed as a 

 demulcent in coughs. /. nasiUa is now Rlunacanthtu communit, and 

 is much employed in Indian medicine, especially for the cure of ring- 

 worm and other cutaneous affections, mixed, according to Dr. Rox- 

 burgh, with lime-juice and pepper. It is also one of their remedies 

 for snake-bites, but U no doubt inefficacious for such purposes. 

 Andrographit (formerly Jutticia) paniculata is the best known and 

 probably the most valuable of all, as one of its names, Muha-tita, 

 implies Chief, or King of Bitters ; it is also very commonly called 

 Kalup-iiath, and well known to Europeans in the peninsula of India 

 by the name of Creyat, or Kreat, and has been prescribed with benefit 

 aa a bitter in this country. It forma one of the ingredients of the 

 Drogue Amere, which is well known in India, and at one time obtained 

 considerable repute as a cure for cholera ; but it can be useful only as 

 a stimulant and tonic. 



K 



I M PFK'KI A, a small genus of Indian Sciiaminea, or Z inyiberacea 

 ** of some authors, of which the species ore indigenous to the 

 islands of the. Archipelago and the southern parts of the continent of 

 India, as Bengal and the district* on its eastern frontier. All are 

 furnished with tuberous roots like the turmeric and ginger plants. 

 The spike* of the flowers are short and rising from the root, in 

 OHM species befpre, in others with, and nestled among the leaves ; all 

 are highly ornamental, and K. rottavla, called by th natives Bhooi 

 Chump*, or Ground Chumps, is much cultivated in gardens on account 

 of the beauty and fragrance of it* flowers. It was supposed to yield 

 UM round Zedoary of the shops, but incorrectly, as Dr. Roxburgh 

 think*, since be considers his Cttreuma Zedoaria to be the plant So 

 A'. Oakmga was, equally incorrectly, long supposed to yield the 

 Oalanga of UM shop.. [GALANOA.] It U a native of the mountain- 

 ous district, beyond Chittagong, and there called Kumula, and is 

 cultivated by the Mug; by them it in sold to the people of Bengal, 

 who use it as an ingredient in th.-ir betel. The roote possess an 

 agreeable fragrant smell, and a somewhat warm, bitterith, aromatic 

 taste. The Hindoo* use them, according to Dr. Roxburgh, not only 

 M perfume, but also medicinally. The roots of K. anyuiUfotia are, 

 according to the same authority, used as a medicine for cattle by the 

 peopUot Brogal. 



KAKKIK HKKAD [KM muLARTCM.] 



KAHAl". [NASJILIS,] 



KAIL, ..rKAI.K. [CKAMBE.] 



K AKATKKKA-TREK. ( DAUUDICM ] 



KAKOXKSK, a Mineral occurring in small crystals, which appear 

 to be 6 lidrd pruins terminated by pyramids, disposed iu radiating 

 tuft*. The colour yellow of several shades, and sometimes brownish- 

 red. The lustre silky, sometime* adamantine. Adheres to the tongue, 

 ad ba* an earthy smell 



It occurs in clayey brown iron utone at Zbirow. in Bohemia. Analysis 

 by Steinmn : 



Phosphoric Acid 17 '86 



Fluoric Acid and Wler 



Peroxide of Iron . 



Alumina . 



Silica 



Lime 



2585 

 3682 

 10-01 



8-9U 



015 

 W-tt 



When placed on a hot coal it emits a green phosphoric light, and 

 before the blow-pipe on charcoal decrepitates : with borax forms a 

 deep green-coloured gloss, and with soda a blackish mass. 



KALK, SKA. [CUAMBE.] 



KALI, the name of the Maritime Plant from the ashes of which 

 soda is obtained by lixiviation ; and from the name of this plant, 

 with the Arabic article al, is derived that of a class of substances 

 possessing peculiar properties, which are called alkalies. Kali was also 

 formerly employed to designate the alkali Potash. 



K A LIPTRITE, a Mineral consisting of the oxide of iron, manganese, 

 and zinc, with water and silica. 



KALMIA, a genus of Plant.) named by Linn.rus in honour of 

 Peter K:ilm, professor at Abo in Finland, belonging to the natural 

 order Kricacta. It has a small S leaved calyx, a cyathiform corolla, 

 with an angular very open limb, having 10 niches in its sides. The 

 capsules 5-celled ana many-seeded. The species are evergreen shrubs, 

 with alternate or verticillate leaves. 



A', lalifulia has its leaves on long petioles, scattered or three in a 

 whorl, smooth and green on each side. It is a native of North 

 America from Canada to North Carolina, on the sides of stony 

 hills. It has various names in the United States, Laurel Ivy, Spoon- 

 Wood, Calico-Bush, &c. The flowers are red, and when in blossom 

 hava a very elegant appearance. The leaves of this species nre said 

 By Barton to be poisonous to man and beast, but their action can 

 be but feeble and unimportant, for animals are known to feed on 

 the plant without any evident effect. Bigelow however states that 

 the flesh of pheasants having eaten this plant has produced some 

 cases of severe disease attributable to this cause alone. The flowers 

 of the A", latifolia exude a large quantity of sweet nectarous juice, 

 which is greedily collected by bees and wasps, but the honey 

 firmed from it is injurious to man, and the juice, if swallowed by 

 itself, will produce an intoxication of an alarming kind. A brown 

 powder which adheres to the shoots and branches is used as a 

 sternutatory by the Americans. 



A', angiulifotia, Haulm-Leaved Kalmia, has petiolate leaves, scat- 

 tered or three in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, rather rusty beneath ; 

 corymbs lateral, bracts linear; peduncles and calyxes clothed with 

 glandular pubescence. It is a native of North America from Canada 

 to the Carolina*, in l>ogs and swamps, and sometimes in dry moun- 

 tain lands. It is a ihrub 7 or 8 feet iu height, with dark red flowers, 



