

KR8TKKL. 



KOBELLITE. 



Sit 



KESTREL. [FAIXOXIDX.] 



KEUPKR, m Geology, the. German term for the upper portion of 

 UM New K*a-Saodstone formation. It is supposed by some geologinte 

 that cvrUin miH^"V in Warwickshire, Worcestershire, and other 

 part* of Kngland, correspond to this group of strata. Remains of 

 reptile* are said to have been found in it near Warwick. 



KHAYA, a genus of Plants of the natural family of Cedrtlacea, 

 which is often made a tribe of the Mdiacetr. fCkaya contains only a 

 aingl* species, K. Saufalauu, which ha* been well figured in the 

 'Flor* de Senegambie,' L t. 32. It forms one of the largest and 

 handcomest of the trees which are found along the banks of the 

 Gambia and in the valleys near Cape Verd. It attains a height of 

 from 80 to 100 feet, and is also one of the most common of the trees 

 of the forest, being called Cail by the negroes, and Cail-Cedra by 

 Europeans. The wood is of fine quality, reddish-coloured like that 

 of mahogany, which belongs to the same natural family. The bark is 

 remarkable for ite bitterness and febrifuge properties, and is taken by 

 the negroes in the form of infusion and decoction, as a cure for the 

 fevers so prevalent in their country. 



KIAXC. [KAIUIDJC.] 



KIHNKYS are two glands lying in the lumbar region, on each side 

 of the spinal column. They are composed of numberless and delicate 

 tubular ramifications, on whose walls there is a fine network of capil- 

 lary arterie* and veins, and which are all collected into one mass of a 

 firm fleshy consistence, inclosed in a fibrous capsule. 



The ureter, through which the urine secreted by the kidney is 

 conveyed to the bladder, dilates at its extremity into a wide pouch, 

 the pelvis of the kidney, which is divided into several portions called 

 calyces. Into each calyx a nipple-like process, or papilla, projects, at 

 whose extremity there are several minute orifices, each opening into 

 a very fine canal, which, as it is continued into the substance of the 

 kidney, ramifies and becomes tortuous. On all these canals, or tubuli 

 ariniferi, minute bloodvessels ramify, and secrete the urine, which is 

 conveyed from the tubuli into the calyces, and from them through the 

 pelvis and the ureter into the bladder. 



The papilla-, and the conical bodies called pyramids, of which they 

 are the extremities, being chiefly composed of the excretory canals, 

 are nearly white, and of a firm dense structure ; but as the tubuli 

 ramify, their branches separate in a somewhat radiating manner, and 

 the bloodvessels filling the intermediate spaces between them give to 

 all the exterior part of the kidneys a deep red-colour, and a softer 

 and more fleshy consistence. Hence the kidney is generally described as 

 divided into a cortical, or vascular, and a medullary or tubular portion. 



The general structure of the kidney may be best shown by making 

 a seotion from H* convex border into the pelvis. The surface of 

 each part then presents several whitish conical bodies, the pyramids, 

 who** rounded apices, the papilla*, project into corresponding tubular 

 calyces, and whose bases are surrounded by the vascular cortical sub- 

 stance. In the latter no distinct arrangement of vessel* can be seen, 

 bat thrre are scattered Irregularly through it minute granular bodies 

 called the acini, or corpuscle* of Malpighi, which are composed of 

 delicate tortuous arterie*. 



In the early embryo of Mammalia each papilla, with the tubules 

 opening on it and ite bloodvessels, forms a separate body ; but during 

 growth the several renculi are united into one mas*, their original 

 separation being however indicated by the more or less deeply lobulatcd 

 form of the organ in various animals, and occasionally in man. 

 [t'mxAar STSTEM; URIMB.] 



K II. I. AH, the local name of a group of rocks in Cornwall, ranked 

 by geologists with the Clay-Slate, or Grauwacke Slate of other 

 oountrMs. The term is perhaps most properly applied to denote 

 nssile argillaceous rocks, such as are usually called clay-slate ; but it 

 I* often extended to other earthy compounds allied to these by geolo- 

 gical position. (Conybeare, ' Ann. Phil.,' new series, vol. vL) Near 

 granite the Killaa is supposed by many geologist* to undergo great 

 alterations of character, to become ' metamorphio,' so as to assume 

 ore or Us* of the characters of pyrogenous rocks. In these ' altered ' 

 rocks lie* a great part of the mineral wealth of Cornwall ; tin and 

 copper vein* abound in them, a* well a* in the contiguous granite, to 

 whose influence their mineral characters are ascribed. Dr. Borlase, in 

 bis work On the Geology of Cornwall,' assign* to these rocks the 

 title of Cvrmubunilt. 



KILLHRICKKXITK. [ASTIMOXT.] 



KILLKNITK, a Mineral which occur* both crystallised and massive. 

 The crystals are imperfect : the primary form appears to be a rhombic 

 prism. The cleavage is parallel to the lateral faces and short diagonal. 

 Fracture uneven. Structure lamellar. Colour greenish and brownish- 

 yellow. Streak yellowish white. Lustre glimmering, dull, vitreous. 

 Tnaslooeoi Opaque. Specific gravity 2-698. Hardness 4'0 : scratched 

 by the knife. Frangible. 



It occur, in granite vein* at Killeny near Dublin, and is stated by 

 Dr. Thomson to consist of 



Silica 49-08 



Alumina 30-60 



Potaah 672 



Oxide of Iron ...... 2'27 



10-00 



98-87 



By the blow-pipe it become* white, swells up, and fuses into a 

 colourless enamel. 



KIKG-CRAB. [LlMtJLDa,] 



KINO-FISH. [LAMPRis.] 



KINGFISHERS. [HAJXJYOHIDJB.] 



KINGLET. rREouLUs.] 



KINGSCLERE, a village in Hampshire, remarkable for the exhibi- 

 tion of the Qreensand Formation in the midst of the elevated chalk 

 downs, on the line of an anticlinal axis passing east and west The 

 anticlinal axis passes through the middle of a valley (hence called a 

 'valley of elevation') in which the greensand appears ; and it might 

 seem on a first view that the discontinuity of the chalk was simply 

 owing to elevation and fracture, but by considering the areas and 

 slopes of the strata, in plans and sections on a true scale, it will 

 immediately appear that a considerable mass of chalk must have been 

 removed by denudation. For the knowledge of this interesting 

 ' valley of elevation ' we are indebted to Dr. Buckland. (' QeoL 

 Trans.,' 2nd series, voL ii.) Sir Charles Lyell has contemplated it in 

 connection with the more extensive denudation of the Weald of Kent 

 slid Sussex. (PrincipUt of Geology.) 



K I N'GSTON, a Fish. [SQUALID*.] 



KINIXYS. [CHELOHIA.] 



KINKAJOU. [VIVERBIDJ-.] 



KINO. [PTEROCABPCS.] 



KINOSTERNON. [CHKLONIA.] 



KIRWANITE, a Mineral consisting of silicate of iron, &c. It occurs 

 filling cavities in a kind of basaltic rock. The texture is fibrous, fibres 

 diverging from a centre and forming brushes. The colour is dark 

 olive-green. Opaque. Hardness 2-0. Specific gravity 2"941. It is 

 found on the north-east coast of Ireland. The following analysis w 

 by R. D. Thomson : 



Silica 40-50 



Protoxide of Iron 23-91 



Lime 1978 



Alumina ........ 11*41 



Water . 4'35 



99-95 



KITE. [FALCONID*.] 



KITE. [RHOMBUS.] 



KITTA. [CoBviD.fi.] 



KITTIWAKE. [LARID.J-,] 



KLEY, a Fish. [MoRRHUA.] 



KLIPPSPRINGER. [ANT-LOPE*.] 



KNAPPIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Oraminacea. It has an inflorescence, with a somewhat one-aided 

 raceme. The flowers solitary ; glumes not keeled, and blunt It has 

 2 paleo), which are Bcarious, very hairy, obtuse, unequal, and without 

 awns. There is but one species of Knappia 



K. agroitulea, an elegant but very small grass, with a small fibrous 

 root, having numerous stems and short rough leaves. The spikes 

 ore slender, consisting of from 5 to 10 mostly sessile alternate spikelets. 

 It is found in sandy maritime pastures, but is a rare grass. 



(Babington, Manual of Briiith Botany.) 



KNAP-WEED. [CUNTAURKA.] 



KNAUTIA (named after Christopher Knaut, a German botanist), 

 a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order Dipiacea. The 

 inner calyx is cup-shaped, with radiant teeth, the outer one forming a 

 thickened margin to the germen. It has a 4-fid corolla, a fruit with 

 4 sides and 8 little depressions, the receptacle with spinous scales 

 shorter than the involucre. 



K. arretuu, the Field Scabious, has its lower leaves simple, the 

 stem-leaves pinnatifid, the inner calyx with 8 or 16 somewhat-awned 

 teeth. The stem rises from 2 to 3 feet in height, is slightly branched, 

 and with but few leaves. The flowers are purple, in largo convex 

 long-stalked heads. This is the only British species of this genus. 

 There are a few species of Knauiia natives of Europe. 



(Babington, Manwit of JlrilM Botany ; Don, Dichlomydtont Plants.) 



KNEBELITE. [MASOANESS.] 



KNOT. [SCOLOI'ACID.E.] 



KNOT-GRASS. [POI.YOONUM.] 



KNOTWORTS. [ILLKCKBRACE.K] 



KNOWLTO'NIA, a genus of Plants belonging to the natural order 

 Ranwiculacetr. It has 5 sepals, from 6 to 16 petals, with the margins 

 naked. The stamens and ovaries numerous ; many 1-seeded succulent 

 fruits, not pointed by the style, which is deciduous. The species are 

 1-seeded perennial herbs, with greenUh-yellow flowers. 



K. veticatoria is a plant which has the appearance of an umbelli- 

 ferous perennial It has biternato leaves, the segments somewhat 

 cordate, rigid, and smooth, the lateral obliquely truncate at the base. 

 The umbels are nearly simple, and few-flowered. The leaves are 

 used as vesicants in the Cape of Good Hope. There are four other 

 species, natives of the Cape of Good Hope, where these plant* 

 grow in abundance. They will thrive well in a mixture of loam and 

 peat and may be increased either by dividing the root or by seed. 



(Don, DicUamydtovu Planti; Lindley, Flora if edica.) 



KOALA [MARSUPIATA.J 



KOBELLITE, a Mineral resembling sulphuret of antimony, but 

 is more brilliant The structure is radiated, crystalline. Streak and 



