413 



LERNEAD.E. 



414 



Haddock (Gadus jEglefinus) ; . bitpinosa (about three lines in length 

 male unknown), found on the gills of the Sapphirine Gurnard (Trigla 

 Hirundo) ; B. roitrata, closely approaching the preceding, found in 

 the Greenland Seas upon Pleuronectes pinguis ; and B. Lophii, found 

 on the gills of the Sea-Devil, Toad-Fish, or Frog-Fish, at Naples. 



Trachdiastei has three species, divided into two sections : T. poly- 

 colpm, found on the fins of the Chub ; T. maculatui, found on the 

 scales of the Bream ; and T. Stellifei; found on the branchial arches or 

 within the mouth of Silurut Glanii. 



Tracheliattei polycolput. Milne-Edwards. 



a, female magnified and seen from above ; b, the same Been on the side, and 

 deprived of the oviferous bags ; c, anterior extremity of the body more highly 

 magnified ; d, appendage representing the second pair of jaw-feet ; c, man- 

 dible ; /, larva of the same j g, second age of the larva. 



Ltrncopoda consists also of five species, divided into two sections : 

 L. itellata, found on the fins of a Sterlet in Norway; L. elongata 

 (about two inches in length), found fixed to the eye of a Shark in the 

 Polar Seas ; L. Carpioni, nearly approaching the preceding, found on 

 the Salmon in the north of Europe; L. Galei (length about three 

 lines, male about the same size), found on the fins of a Tope Shark 

 ( Milandre) ; and L. obeta (about two lines in length), found upon 

 Squalus Acantltiai, the Picked-Dog, or Hound-Fish. 



M. Milne-Edwards thinks that L. Dalmanni, found on Raia Satis, 

 the Skate ; L. bicaudata (about two lines long), found on the Red 

 Gurnard ; and L. talmonea, belong to this genus. The last species 

 does not seem to M. Milne-Edwards to be determinable specifically, 

 and he makes the same remark on the Lernaa found by Hermann on 

 the Dace. 



Of Anchorella five species are recorded, distributed into two sec- 

 tions : A. tmarffinata (about six lines long), found upon the gills of 

 the Wolf-Fish (Anarrhicai Luptui) ; A. brevicoUit (about four lines 

 long), found fixed on the anal fin of the Variable Cod-Fish (Gadus cat- 

 lariat) ; A. ovalii (about two lines long), found upon the Red Gurnard ; 

 A. rugoia (about three lines long), found on the Wolf- Fish ; and A. 

 uncinata, found on the gills of divers Gadi. 



M. Milne-Edwards is of opinion that Lerncomyam pyriformis and 

 L. pinnarum (De Blainville) belong to this genus, as well as Lerncca 

 adunca of Strom and L. anomala of Abdilgaard. 



Lerneoceriana. 



The female Lerneocerians, like the Chondracanthians, fix themselves 

 to their prey by the anterior extremity of their body only, and have 

 no brachiform thoracic appendages serving for this purpose, as may 

 be seen in the Lerneopodians ; but the arming of their mouth is far 

 from having the form which this apparatus offers among the Chon 

 dracanthians, and the whole head of the parasite is plunged in the 

 tissue of the animal on which it establishes its dwelling, and is there 

 retained by horny prolongations, of varied form, which spring from 

 its posterior or occipital part. In general the head is not very distinct 

 from the thorax, and seems to be completely deprived of antennto ; 

 the mouth is aimed with but one pan- of jaw-feet, which are simple 

 and unciform. The feet, when they exiat, are of extreme smallness, 

 and sometimes no trace of them is to be perceived. The portion oi 

 the trunk which is situated behind the point where the oviferous 

 tubes take their origin, and which represents the abdomen, is, in 

 general, much more developed than in the other females of the same 

 order. 



The male of the Lerneocerians is unknown, except in very few 

 species ; and, where known, seems as imperfect as that of the Chon- 



dracanthians : his body is globular, offers no distinct thorax, and does 

 not carry rudiments of feet behind the appendages which represent 

 the jaw-feet. The metamorphoses which the young undergo are 

 analogous to those of the other Lerneocerians. (Milne-Edwards.) 



Genera. Penella, Lemeonema, Lerueocera, Lernaa. - 



Penella consists of four species, divided into two sections : P. 

 sayitta (about four inches long), found on Lophius marmoratm; P. 

 filosa, and P. Blainvillii, the last found on the Flying-Fish (Exocietvt 

 volitam) ; and P. Sultana (about an inch long), found in the mouth of 

 Carenx Ascensionis. 



Lemeonema, also divided into two sections, comprises three 

 species : L. Letuerii (about two inches long), found in 

 the American Seas upon the Flying-Fish ; L. monilaru 

 (about an inch long), found fixed to the sclerotic coats 

 of the eye of the Sprat (Clupea Sprattus) ; and L. aldo- 

 minalis (about twenty lines long). 



M. Milne-Edwards states that Lerneocera Surriraiis 

 (De Blainville) belongs to this group, and that it much 

 resembles the preceding species, but is distinguished by 

 the brevity of the abdominal portion of the body ; and he 

 is of opinion that the genus Sphyi-ion of Cuvier is too 

 imperfectly known to enable him to determine its 

 natural affinities, though it appears probable to M. 

 Milne-Edwards that its place is between Penella and 

 Lenuea. 



Lerneocera comprises four species, divided into two 

 sections and sub-divisions : L. cyprinacea (about eight 

 lines long), found in Sweden on Cyprinus Carasua ; 

 L. eiorina, L. cruciata, found in Lake Erie, on Cichla 

 cenea (Lesueur) ; and L. radiata, found on Clupea 

 Tyrannus, United States of America. 



M. Milne-Edwards thinks that Lernata ocvlans of 

 Cuvier belongs to the second section of the genus Lerneo- 

 cera. It is found fixed to the eye of Herrings. 



Lemma, consists of two species, each placed in a 

 separate section : L. branchialis, found on the gills of 

 several species of Gadi, in the North Sea ; and L. multi- 

 cornis. 



M. Mime-Edwards states that L. cycloptcrina is distin- 

 guished from L. branchialis by certain tubercles about 

 the head and neck. He remarks that M. Kroyer has 

 represented it without horns, but he thinks that arose 

 from the mutilation of the animal observed by M. 

 Kroyer. This parasite is found in the Greenland Seas 

 on Cyclopterus spinosui. 



The subjoined cut, from Sowerby"s ' Miscellany,' 

 shows the external appearance of a sprat infested by 

 these Lerneans. Mr. Sowerby names the parasite Lernca 

 Spraitce (Lertuea Spratti). These crustaceans are stated 

 to be luminous at night ; and the fishermen say that the shoal is often 

 headed by fish so infested, which they call Lanthorn Sprats. 





Lemeonema 

 monilaris, 



magnified. 



Lerneans in situ on a Sprat. 



The following is Dr. Baird's arrangement of the British species of 

 this family : 



Tribe I. Anchoraslomacea. 



Females. Attached to their prey by means of their foot-jaws, which 

 are stout and armed with strong hooks. One pair of antenna; ; gene- 

 rally very distinct. Thoracic feet nearly rudimentary, or represented 

 by appendages of considerable size, but differing in form from 

 ordinary feet. ' 



Males. Free and unattached ; very small, and differing totally in 

 appearance from the females. 



Family Chondracanthida. 



Organs representing thoracic feet, in form of considerable-sized, 

 cartilaginous-looking, not articulated appendages; generally three 

 pairs in number. Three pairs of foot-jaws. 



Genus 1. Chondracantftus. 



Two pairs of foot-jaws prehensile, the third nearly rudimentary. 

 Appendages of thorax representing the feet, in form of digitated, but 

 not articulated, and not setiferoua lobes or tubercles. Oviferous tubes 

 very short, broad, and flattened. 



