UMl'LUS. 



UNACE.E. 



a sumcirnt basis on which to found a g.'n.-ric division. M. Milne- 

 Edwards thiu arrangr* the species known to him, five in number : 



Section I. Species who** noaod and third pun of jaw-feet 

 (two firat pairs of Latreille) are monodactyle in the male, and in 

 which the moveable (pines of the Uteral border of the abdomen 

 are of two sort*, namely, very long and very short 

 L. Molutcauut, the Molucca or Common King Crab. The cephalo- 

 thuracic buckler U regularly rounded anteriorly in both sexes, and 

 above showing three rowi of amall spinifonn pointa, situated one on 

 the median crest, the other* on the crests which separate the occipital 

 region from the lateral regions ; the posterior and lateral borders 

 finely dentilated. The abdominal buckler smooth above, and termi- 

 nated by two very short teeth, the internal border of which is very 

 long, and the external border (comprehended between the point and 

 the insertion of the last spine) very short ; tooth of the latero-anterior 

 border moderate, and situated towards the middle of that border ; 

 movrable spines of the latero posterior border moderate, and all nearly 

 of the same length in the male; the first three rather long in the 

 female ; but the last three extremely abort, and much wider than they 

 are long. Caudal stylet triangular, spiny on iU upper border, and 

 slightly concave on its inferior surface. Last pair of jaw-feet furnished 

 towards the end with four elongated appendages, which are lamellated, 

 flattened, and subbnceolate. (Milne-Edwards.) 



This is the Cancer Moluccanui of Clusius ; C. penerna of Rum- 

 phius; Limuitu PulyfJirmtu of Fabricius ; L. gigat of Mullur; and 

 L. HoittccaiKU of Latrxille. 



M. Milne-Edwards is of opinion that Leach's L. Lalreilli probably 

 belongs to this species, as well as L. tridental tu of the same author. 



L. Moluccantu is apparently the Cancer figured by Bontius in the 

 fifth book of his ' Natural and Medical History of the East Indies,' 

 p. S3, in which he notices its sword-like appendage, and states that il 

 any incautious fisherman is wounded by it the pain is like that 

 caused by a scorpion, adding, that its flesh is not so delicate as that ol 

 the other Crabs. The chapter is beaded by the following verses, 

 which refer to the painful wound inflicted by the tail 



' Quitquii caodatl aeiuMi Ma Pagor! 

 Disc* meo ricmplo montu riure doloMt, 

 Dente leonlno quo* aulm volubilis infert 

 A teifro, et IM-JUS retinet fors cauda vencnura." 



L. firtKtm. M. Milne-Edwards states that this species, the female 

 only of which is known to him, bears a strong resemblance to 

 L. Molucca***, but is distinguished from it by the conformation ol 

 the posterior feet, the penultimate joint of which is extremely short 

 and surrounded at iU base with seven spines, which, instead of beinj 

 flat, very much elongated, and rather wide, are rounded, conic, am 

 very much pointed. The first four pairs of feet were broken in the 

 only individual which M. Milne-Edwards had examined, so that he 

 could not verify the character indicated by M. Latreille, the uamer 

 and describer of the species, drawn from the monodactylous con 

 formation of the second pair (the first pair of Latreille). It is also 

 worthy of note, M. Milne-Edwards add, that the cephalo-thoraci 

 buckler is leas convex than in the preceding M 



The same author observes that thu Limului preserved in the Paris 

 Museum under the name of PolyjJttmut heterodactytui, Lam., am 

 ticketed by Utreille, seems to him to be the male of the preceding 

 species; but the absence of the posterior feet prohibits positive 

 certainty on this point. 



L. lonyupina. M. Milne-Edwards notices this as a species closely 

 approximating to L. Molucca***, but having the teeth or posterior 

 angles of the abdominal buckler larger and more regularly triangular; 

 the external border of these teeth being nearly as long as the internal 

 border, and their base much lees wide than the space left between 

 them and occupied by the caudal stylet Upper surface of the 

 abdomen covered with small spines ; the tooth of iU latero-anterior 

 border large, and situated very near that which separates that border 

 from the Utrro- posterior border ; moveable spines of the six pairs in 

 the male* and of the first three pairs in the female very long ; last 

 three pairs very thort, but sharp in the female. Caudal stylet trian- 

 gular, and spiny on iU borders. Frontal border of the male strongly 

 notched and sinuous, so as to appear trilobate. 



It I* found on the coast* of Japan, and probably of China. 



This is the Kabuto-Oani (Helmet-Crab) of the Japanese; Un-Kiie, 

 or Umi do-Oame, of the Chinese. 



Section 1 1. -Specie, in which the third pair of jaw-feet are 

 oheUfonn in both sex**, and in which the moveable (pines of the 

 latero-posterior border of th abdomen diminish gradually in 

 length in both male and female. 



a. Second pair of jaw-feet monodactylou* in the male. Caudal 

 stylet triangular and spiny on its upper border. 



/ l''J n *rm*t. Cephalo-thoracic buckler more convex than in the 

 preceding speck**, and preserving for a longer period the seven *\<w<* 

 ituaUd on it* upper surface. Posterior teeth of the abdomen very 

 large, and rrprearathig an equilaUral triangle, or even being longer 

 than they are wide at their ban. The moveable spine* of the latero- 

 jxMtcrfor border are moderate, and similar in both texes; the three 



teeth of the median line project more than in the preceding species, 



.1 the caudal stylet U leas long. (Milne-Edwards.) 



U inhabits the Atlantic Ocean and the coast* of North America 

 and the Antilles. 



This U the Arantui marinui of De Laet; Cancer Afoluccanut of 

 Wuruiius; Monuoiliu Puli/fiheMin of Linntous, but he confounds 

 lU'liT this name both the Oriental and American species ; 

 of Kabricius ; L. A mtricaiHu of Leach ; Pulyitkemtu occidentals of 

 .Atuarck ; and L. Ptlypkemiu of Uanzani. 



John De Laet, in hU 'Novua Orbis' (1633), gives a very fair i 

 of this species in the 19th chapter of his second book, and states that 

 he arms of the Indians (Almouchiquosy) of ' Wijugaerden K\ 

 n ' New France,' are lances, clubs, bows and arrows, which, for want 

 of iron, they sharpen with the crustaoeous tail of the m<>: 

 Signoc, Siguenoc, or Araneut marinut, by which name the LimiUtu 

 .here engraven i* known to the Indians aud Dutch. 1 >e I .art give* a 

 ;ood description of it, aud says that it loves the shallows, a 

 mostly taken in actuaries, of various sizes, not a few having a tail 

 exceeding a palm in length. 



M. Milne-Edwards observes that L. Soverbii of Loach is a variety 

 of this species, having the last median tooth of the upper surface of 

 the abdomen more projecting than it is ordinarily to be seen in adults. 



a a. All the jaw-feet cheliform in the mole, as well as in the 

 female ; caudal stylet rounded above. 



L. rotundicautla. Cephalo-thoracic buckler wi.ler than in the pre- 

 ceding species, less convex, and deprived of the aeries of small spines 

 between the great teeth of ita upper surface, but with a great number 

 of these spiniform points scattered on the occipital region ; terminal 

 teeth of the abdomen short, and having their internal border about 

 twice as long as the external border ; the moveable spines nearly as 

 in the preceding. Caudal stylet obscurely triangular, with rounded 

 borders. (Milne-Edwards.) 



It is found in the Moluccas. 



It U the Cancer marinut pervertut of Seba. 



Fouil Limtili. 



The fossil forms of this group, contemporaneous as gome of them 

 were with the Trilobtta, to which they bear so strong u relationship, 

 are among the moat interesting. One fossil species, Limulut Inlnlii- 

 toidtt, Buckland, from the ironstone of the coal-formation, Uoalbrook 

 Dale, figured on plate 46 of the ' Bridgewater Treatise,' is very trilo- 

 bitic in appearance, and in the early state of the animal, before the 

 development of the caudal stylet, the resemblance must have been 

 still more striking ; nor will it escape the observation of our paltoo- 

 logical readers that gome of the Trilvbitet are furnished with a long 

 caudal appendage. 



Limuiiu, as Dr. Buckland remarks in the work above n ..tic..;.), has 

 been found fossil in the coal-formation of Staffonl-hhv ami I )erm 

 and in the Jurassic limestone of Aichstadt, near Pappeuheiui, together 

 with many other marine crustaceans of a higher order. 



M. Milne-Edwards notices the numerous species which have been 

 recorded. That figured by Desmarest under the name of Limulut 

 Walchii (t'tincir pervenut of Walch and Knorr) is found, he ob 

 in the lithographic slate of Solenhofen ami Pappeuheim. In Milin'- 

 Edwards's opinion it approaches Limulut lonyittimat more than any 

 other existing species, but appears to have the latero-posterior pi-o- 

 longatious of the cephalo-thoracic buckler less developed, and the 

 abdomen wider, with its latero-anterior borders very short; as to tin- 

 moveable spines, they are, he remarks, six ill number, aud are all 

 long and slender. 



Other fossil Limuli have been discovered not only in this formation, 

 but also in the Muschelkalk and the Jurassic limestone, by Count 

 Munster, who has given figures of them in the excellent work of Van 

 der Hoeven on the Limuli ; but M. Milru- K.lwar.U thinks that these 

 fossils have not been as yet described with sullu-icnt details to enable 

 naturalists to assign specific characters to them ; and he confines him- 

 self to the observation that Limuliu inttrmediut. Minister, found at 

 Solenhofen, and Limulut breticauda (brevicaudatui I), Muuster, found 

 at Aichstadt, are remarkable for the form of the abdomen, which 

 represent* a rhomboid rather than a hexagon, its anterior border being 

 nearly confounded with ita latero-anterior borders. Limulut ornatui 

 of the same author, in the opinion of M. Milne-Edwards, appears to 

 approach Limulut Walchii closely, but presents a much deeper furrow 

 throughout the length of the caudal stylet 



M. Milne-Edwards finally calls attention to Limulut trilobitoitla, 

 Buckland, above mentioned, remarkable for the spiniform prolonga- 

 tions of the lateral angles of the cephalo-thoracic buckler and many 

 other characters. 



LINA'CE^E, Plazvortt, a small natural order of Plants, related to 

 Cittactir, from which it differs in having on ovary with many cells, 

 containing one or two seeds each, several styles, a definite number of 

 stamens, itc., and to Geraniacetc, from which the separate styles and 

 peculiar fruit of Linacat abundantly separate that order. The defini- 

 tion of Linacea may be briefly expressed thus : polypetalous, hypo- 

 gyuous, monadelphous exogens, with a broken-whorled calyx ; a 

 many-celled many-styled ovary, containing one or two pendulous 

 ovule* in each cell, aud a capsule xplitting at the point into as many 



