Il'.v 



USTKKA. 



> 1 



Flux-runt (I.ii.vm vtilaliuimtim). 



I, the BMnwUlphoo* iUir.cn>, highly mifrniHrd ; 2, the lipe capiulc, >plit at 

 lu cad Into valves. 



leave* linear-lanceolate ; stems numerous ; fruit-stalks erect. Flowers 

 blue ; item one to two feet long, erect, or drcumlxmt. It is found in 

 dulky place* in Great Britain. 



(Babington, Manual of Srituh Botany.) 



LION. [FKLID*.] 



LIPAKIS. [DISCOBOLI.] 



LtPYLE. [ADIPOSE TISSUE.] 



LlyriUAMHAU, a genus of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 Italia mijttur of Blume, which has been altered to J)alnamace<t by Dr. 

 Lindley. The name U derived from ' liquidum,' fluid, and ' ambnr,' the 

 Arabic name of amber. The genus is closely allied to the Willow and 

 Plane tribes, but dutinguuswd from both by its 2-lobed 2 celled 

 maoy-Keded capsules, and their albuminous embryo. The species 

 are only three in number, all forming fine tree*, and occurring in Java, 

 the Levant, and North America. 



L. timxifna U the specie* found in Mexico and the United State*, 

 in the Utter of which it is called Sweet Gum, and forms a large and 

 fine tree, bearing some resemblance to the lesser maple (Acer cant- 

 fotn) : the wood u of a hard texture and fine grain, and make* hand- 

 some furniture, but the tree is more noted for the fragrant liquid 

 rain wtiich exude* from incisions in the stem, though not very 

 copiously. This i* called Li<)iiidatnb*r, Oil of Liquidambor, and 

 Copslm Balsam, which has a pleasant balsamic odour, and an aro- 

 matic bitter taste. This becoming dry and o|que, forms wlmt ia 

 railed Soft or While Liquidambar, which resembles very thick turpen- 

 tine, ha* a feebler odour than the liquid balsam, and contain* less 

 volatile oil, but more brnzoic acid 



L. friemlmlii is a small tree, a native of Cyprus and other part* of 

 the Ea*t Indie*; was introduced into the Jardin de* Pinnies, Paris, 

 from Smyrna, and i* said to occur along the Red Sea. Dr. Pooocke, a* 

 quoted by Dr. Undley, state* that It i* called Xylon Kflendi (the Wood 

 of our Lord), in Cyprtw, where it produce* an excellent white turpen- 

 tine, especially by incision* made in the bark. It i* lhi ub*tance 

 prrhap* which is alluded to in many work* by the name Rosa malla 

 or mallo*, described a* a balsamic fluid produced upon the island of 

 Cabrosa, at the upper end of the Red Sea near Cade**, which is three 

 days' journey from Sues. But there are no reerat account* of this 

 ubatance, which is thought by some authors lo be procured from the 

 following species. 



L. aliimyia of Blum* is a native of the forests of Java, at elevation* 

 of 2000 to 3000 feet above the level of the sen. It form* a gigantic 

 tree, with bark having a hot and bitterish ta*te, yielding a frxgrant 

 Balaam, or liquid atorax, the Rasamola of the Malayan Archipelago, 

 though there i* no proof that the liquid nlorax known in Europe U 

 obtained from it, and H does not grow near the localities whence 

 liquid atorax ha* so long been obtained. It i* therefore probable that 

 MOM portion U obtained by boiling the branches of Styraj offcin,ilt, 

 or acting upon them with oil, aj>irit, or naphtha. [SrriiAX, in Aura AMD 

 8c.Dnr.J 



The subject I* intre*t!ng a* connected with ancient commerce, inas- 



much as old writer* mention a liquid with the solid storax. By the 

 Arab* the former i* described under the name Mia-Saileh, liquid 

 storax ; and the latter, Mia-Yabseh, solid storax. Both are described 

 by Serapion under the head Miha; by Avicenna under the several 

 heads of Lubnee, Aslaruk, and Mihn. The name Mia-Saileh, with 

 the affix ' ni<t' (juice), would appear to be the origin of the Malayan 

 'Rasamoln, and thus one which has been variously corrupted. 



LIQUORICE. [GI.TCYRHUA.] 



I.IKIOCON1TE. [Copi-ER.] 



LIKIODKNDRON (from \tlpior and ttrtpor), a genus of Plant* 

 belonging to the natural order Magttoliaeea. The character* of the 

 genus are as follows : Carpels 1-2-aeeded, disposed in spike*, inde- 

 hisceul, deciduous, drawn oul into a wing at the apex ; calyx of throe 

 deciduous sepals ; corolla of 6 petals forming a bell-shaped flower. 



L. tulipifera, the Tulip-Tree, White-Wood, Canoe-Wood, Tulip- 

 Bearing Lily-Tree, Virginian Poplar, and Poplar, is the only species 

 of the genus. It U n handsome tree, with large 4-lobod truncate leaves 

 resembling a saddle in shape, and large elegant flowers coloured with 

 green, yellow, and orange. There are three varieties of this tree 

 described : the L. I. otttuiiloba, which ban it* leaves with blunter lobes 

 than the original species, and on account of the yellowness of the 

 wood is called Yellow-Wood, or Yellow-Poplar. The L. t. acutif,,lia 

 ha* the leaves smaller and more acutely cut than the other varieties. 

 The L. I. Jtara is known by its flowers being entirely yellow. 



Thin tree is one of the most magnificent inhabitants of the forests of 

 the temperate part* of North America. According to Michnux, the 

 northern limit of this treo is the southern extremity of Lake Champ- 

 i.iin. ill 45 N. lat ; and its eastern limit is the Connecticut llivrr, in 

 72 W. long. It abounds in the middle states of the North At:. 

 union, in the upper part* of the Carolina* and of Georgia, and is still 

 more abundant in the western country, particularly Kentucky. These 

 tree* sometimes attain a height of 120 feet or more, and their trunk* 

 measure 20 feet in circumference. The most common dimension* 

 however are from 70 to 100 feet in height, and from 18 inches to 3 

 feet the diameter of the trunk. 



It is uncertain at what period the Tulip-Tree was introduced into 

 Europe, In England it was cultivated by Compton at Fulbam in 1688. 

 Evelyn, in hi* ' Sylva,' referring to it, says : " They have n poplar in 

 Virginia with a very peculiar-shaped leaf, which grows well with the 

 curious amon? us to a considerable stature. I conceive it won first 

 brought over by John Tradescant, under the name of the Tulip-Tree, 

 from the likeness of its flower ; but it is not, that 1 find, taken mucli 

 notice of in any of our herbals. I wish we had more of them, but 

 they are difficult to elevate at first" They are now planted very 

 generally in Europe, having a geographical range from l'rlin ami 

 Warsaw on the north to the shores of the Mediterranean and Naples 

 on the south, Ireland on the west, and the Crimea on the east. In 

 this country many of the trees have attained a height of 70 or 80 feet, 

 and a circumference of the trunk of 6 or 7 feet. The trees blossom 

 in Great Britain, but do not ripen their seeds, although they do in 

 many parts of the continent. 



The timber of the Tulip-Tree is seldom used in Europe, as the tree 

 is too much valued ag an ornament ; but in America, where it is so 

 abundant, it i* found to yield a light compact fine-grained wood, which 

 i* useful for many purposes. It is easily wrought, and rec-i 

 good polish. It is used by cabinet- and coach-makers for making 

 furniture and the panels of carriages. The Indians of the west 

 country prefer this tree for the construction of their canoes. In 

 America the bark of this tree has a reputation as being a substitute 

 for the cinchona bark ; and in 1792 Dr. Young of Philadelphia pub- 

 lished a paper on it* remedial agency in the ' American Museum.' 

 The bark has a bitter and an aromatic taste, properties which probably 

 depend, as in other barks, on the possession of an alkaloid and an 

 essential oil ; but it doe* not yet appear to have been chemically 

 examined. 



The best mode of propagating the Tulip-Tree is by seeds, which 

 should be obtained from the native country of the tree. These should 

 be sown in heath soil, very fine mould, or sandy loam, and kept moist 

 in a shady situation. When the seeds are sown in autumn, they mostly 

 come up the following spring ; but if Ibey are nol sown till the spring, 

 they remain a year in the ground. The varieties of this plant may bu 

 propagated by budding, grafting, or inarching. This tree does not 

 bear transplanting well, nor the use of the pruning-knife. 



(London, Arlmrelum et FrtUicctnm Jlritannicum, vol. i. ; Don, 

 IH'-hliimydeout Plant*) 



LISSA. [MAUD*.] 



LIS80MUS. [ELATERID*.] 



LISSOTR1TON. [AMPHIBIA.] 



LISSURA. [HVHAX.] 



LISTEKA, a genus of Plant* belonging to the natural order 

 Orchidactir. It ha* a ringent perianth; a deflexed 2-lobed lip; the 

 stigma transverse ; rostellum elongated, entire, acute, with a minut. 

 globose appendage at it* somewhat reflexed apex ; column very short. 



//. main, Tway-BUde, i* found in woods and pastures in Great 

 Dritain. It ha* 2 opposite ovate leaves, the lip bifid, the column with 

 a crest which includes the anther ; the stem a foot high ; spike elon- 

 gated, very lax ; flower* small, and greenish ; leaves large. 



L. eordata ha* 2 opposite cordate leaves, 4-lobed lip, column without 



