MACROPOMA. 



MADREPHYLLHEA. 



the Moond joint of them antennas is short, and placed near the edge 

 of the rostrum ; the third and the fourth joints are very small. 

 Epistome very little developed, and much wider than it Is lunp ; the 

 third joint of the external jaw-feet U nearly square, slightly dilated 

 outward*, and rather deeply notched at the internal and anterior 

 angle; sternal plastron nearly circular; the anterior feet weak and 

 very small, not more than once and a half of the length of the cara- 

 pace ; the hand nearly cylindrical; the succeeding feet very long, 

 though not always equalling those of the Byeria, slender, and cylin- 

 drical ; their terminating joint long and stylifonn ; the second pair 

 from twice to thrice as long as the post-frontal portion of the carapace, 

 and the succeeding pain diminishing progressively. The abdomen 

 rariee; sometimes only five distinct joints are to be detected in that of 

 the female ; sometimes there are seven, as in the male. 



1L Milne-Edwards,- who gives the speciBo character here stated, 

 obserrrs that the DocUn bear the greatest analogy to the Egervx, and 

 establish the passage between those Macrojiodidte and Libima; which 

 belong to the tribe of Maiiatl*. [MAUD*.] 



The species are found in the Indian Seas. 



D. Jiiuonii, whose locality U uukuowu, U given as an example. 



Doelea Kumitii. 



(Milne-Edwards, Uittoire ffaturtUe da CrtutacSci ; Bell, Jlritith 

 Slalt-Eytd CVtufoceo.) 



MACKO'POMA, a genus of Fossil Fishes, proposed by Agassiz. 

 The species belong to the Cretaceous Strata. 



MACROPTERU8. [Ducita.] 



MA'CROPUS, the scientific name for the Kangaroos. [MAU.SU- 

 I-IATA.] The term U also used by M. Latreille to designate a genus of 

 Brachyurous Decapod Crustaceans. [MACROJ-OWD-E.] 



MACRORHAMl'UUa [ScoLOi'ACiDJs.] 



MACKolUII NITS. [Pnocin .:.] 



MACKOSE1IIUS, a genus of Fossil Fishes, proposed by Agassiz. 

 From the Oolite. 



MACROURA, or MACRU'RA, the scientific name for that section 

 of Crustaceans which hare the abdomen, usually called the tail, long, 

 in contradistinction from that section (lirachyura) which have the 

 tail short. The Common Lobster is an example of a Macrurous 

 Crustacean, and the Common Crab of a Bracbyurous Crustacean. 

 [CRUSTACEA.] 



MACROXUS. [SciuniD*.] 



MACTRA. ICoscHACEA.] 



MADATUS. (CHEIROPTERA.] 



MADDER. [RuBU.] 



MA'DIA, a genus of South American Herbaceous Plants belonging 

 to the natural order Comjxatia. one of the specie* of which, M. talita, 

 is of value for the oil yielded by its seeds upon pressure. The genus 

 forms the type of Madieac, a division of the Seneoionideoua Tribe of 

 De C'andulle, and is distinguished among its congeners by it* roundish 

 1 -rowed involucre, the bracts of which are keeled and envelop the 

 grains, by a plane receptacle paleaceoul at the margin and naked in 

 the middle, and by its bald achenla, which have four or five angles, 

 and Uper to the base. il. saliva, which forms the only species, is an 

 upright hairy glandular viscid Chilian annual, with oblong entire 

 leaves, half atnplexicaul, opposite at the bottom of the stem and 

 alternate at the top ; the flower-heads sre racemose, and the flowen 

 pale-yellow. It has long been cultivated in Chili, and apparently in 

 California, for the sake of iU oil, which is of excellent quality. It 

 has also attracted attention in Europe in consequence of Mr. Bosch, 

 the su|wrintendentof the gardens of the King of Wurtembrrg, having 

 successfully cultivated it in Germany on a large scale. He found that 

 as compared with rape and poppies the amount of oil yielded per 

 Ovrman acre was as follows : 



Rape yields 240 Ion. of oil per Oerman acre. 

 Poppies yields 264 Ibs. of oil per Qerman acre. 

 Madia yields 442 Ibs. of oil per Qerman acre. 



This oil does nut congeal at 19 below zero of Reaumur, but only 

 becomes a little leu fluid, which makes it a valuable material for keep- 



ing machines in order. The seeds are sown in October, and from four 

 to six pounds are required per acre (German). The crop is of the 

 easiest management, and the only precaution to be taken by the culti- 

 vator, which it is important to notice, is that the seeds must be thnutlied 

 out soon after the crop is cut, otherwise the glutinous stalks, when 

 heaped up, ferment and injure the seeds. 



(Gardener', Magazine, March. 1839, p. 142.) 



MADOQUA. [A>-Tiix)rE*.] 



M ADHASTK.KA. This name is given by De Blainville to a sub- 

 section of the Ma<lrr]ih</lln,a, including Attrcta, Kekinatlnta, Otulina, 

 and Branchatlraa. He attaches but little importance to it as a 

 division. [MADIIKI'IITI.I.KKA.] 



MADREPHYLUCEA, the first section of the Stony Zoanlhana of 

 De lilainville, who styles the other section of this family of Zuantharia, 

 ifadreponca. [MADREPORJBA.] The Linmrain genus Madrepora included 

 nearly all the species, and obviously required analysis, the more so 

 that geological naturalists referred to the same genus a vast number 

 of previously unknown forms, and thus encumbered recent and 

 impeded fossil zoology, and prevented any right notion of the successive 

 forms of zoophytic life on the globe. 



Solander proposed some useful divisions of this unmanageable genus, 

 derived from the growth of the ooral. Lamarck established many im- 

 portant genera, especially characterising some fossil groups. Lamouroux 

 also laboured to improve the classification. Ooldfuss has since 

 described additional fossil groups; and M. De Blainville has re- 

 organised the labours of his predecessors, with a special regard to the 

 soft animal parts figured and described by Lesueur, Quay, Qaiuiard, 

 and other voyagers. 



The Madrtphylliaa of this writer seldom acquire that highly ramose 

 figure which belongs to the Lamarckion genera Madrepora, Pocillopora, 

 &c. ; they are furuiahed with cells of various figure, always how- 

 ever radiated by lamella), which are frequently numerous. There is 

 no general distinctive character of the soft parts, or ' polypi,' as they 

 have usually been termed. The following ore the principal genera of 

 this group : 



Cyclolitet (fossil). Animal unknown; solidified by a calcareous 

 polypidom, of a short, simple, orbicular, or elliptical figure, flattened, 

 and marked with concentric lines below, convex above, with a great 

 number of very fine entire lamella), convergent to a sublacunoae centre. 



Lamarck founded the genus ; Ooldfuss includes it with the Fungiir. 

 Only fossil species aro known ; they occur in the tertiary and upper 

 secondary strata chiefly. Mr. Lonsdale notices it in the Silurian 

 system. 



C. numitmaiit (Madrepora porpita, Linn.) may be taken aa an 

 example. (Goldfuss, tab. 14, fig. 4, a, b.) 



fungia. Animal gelatinous or membranous, generally simple, 

 depressed, orbicular, or oval ; mouth superior, transverse in a large 

 dine, which is covered by many thick cirriform tentacula ; the disc U 

 solidified internally by a calcareous solid polypidom, of a simple figuie 



Fitngia patellarit. 

 a, upjKT face ; I', lower face. 



(seldom complex), ornamented above by a star of radiating aculeitcd 

 lamella, and below by simple rugose rays. 



