-: 



MADKEPHYLLKEA. 



KADBKPHTLUCBi. 



684 



Syrimgopora (fossil). Animals unknown, contained in long sub- 

 flvxuoua tubular vertical cells ; opening of the cell* round, terminal ; 

 numerous * mall horizontal tubuli branch off from the colls, aud unite 

 by anastomosis the whole ramified man into one polypidom. 



Goldfuss is the author of this genus, the species of which were, by 

 older writers, always ranked aa Tubipora. In our own examinations 

 of Syrixffopora, from the Carboniferous Limestone (S. ram*tota (?), 

 Qoldfuss). we have had reason to think the interior of the tubes had 

 formerly been radiated ; but the traces of the lamella) are never clear, 

 or even certain. The species belong to Silurian and Carboniferous 

 Bocks chiefly, perhaps not exclusively. 



& rerltctHala (Goldfuss, t. 25, f. 6; & geniculata, Phillips, 'QeoL of 

 Yorkshire,' ii. t. 2, f. 1 ) may be token aa an example. 



Syt itigopora gfniculata. 



DtndnpltyHia. Animals actiniform, furnished with a great number 

 of bifid tentacula, in the midst of which is a polygonal mouth ; the 

 cells containing the animals are rather deep, and radiated by nu- 

 merous prominent lamella; ; the polypidom which these compose is 

 widely attached, arborescent, striated externally, lacunose inter- 

 nally, and truncate at the extremities. The species are both recent 

 and fossil. 



I), raiitta (Sol. and Ellis, t. 88) is an example. 



LaiopkyllM. Animals actiniform, furnished with many cylindrical 

 tontacula ; cells conical (sometimes elongated or sinuous), with a sub- 

 circular opening, laciniato-lamelliferous, terminating the few branches 

 of the polypidom, which is fixed, of a turbinated shape, externally 

 striated, and internally lacunose. 



The species were included in Lamarck's genus Caryophyllia ; the 

 fossil species are chiefly from the OoUtic Formation. 



/,. Cat-iluiu (CoryopkyUia Carduut, Lamarck) is an example. 



iframlrina. Animals more or lens confluent, in one surface, in 

 long sinuous series, having each a distinct mouth and lateral series of 

 very short tentacula, contained in shallow cells, which are not really 

 separate, but form by their lateral union sinuous valleys ; these valleys 

 are furnished on each aide of the mesial line with transverse sub- 

 parallel lamella), ending against ridges which separate the valleys ; the 

 whole calcareous polypidom is fixed, simple, turbiniform when young, 

 aud globular when old. 



This genus, established by Lamarck, in universally adopted by 

 Eoophytologists. The recent species belong to the Indian or South 

 Atlantic seas. The fossil species arc few, and chiefly belong to the 

 Oolitic Formation. 



if. dadahra (KUis and Sol., t. 40, f. 1) may be taken as an example. 



VraJ,ma teinlit*. 

 , rnlirc 6;nrt reduced ; t, portion, natural tiic. 



Dictyopkyllia (fossil). Animals unknown, contained in polygonal 

 rather irregular cells of a considerable size; cells separated by parti- 

 tions denticulated on both sides; the calcareous polypidom which 

 results is fixed, deeply reticulated on the surface, and encrusts other 

 bodies. The base of the cells is finely tuberculated. 



The best marked species is I), rdiculata, which is found in the 

 chalk of Maastricht Qoldfiiss, t 21, fig. 3. 



Agaricia. Animals wholly unknown, contained in cells, which 

 often appear incomplete or confused, and sublamellar internally : they 

 constitute by their union a stony polypidom, fixed, formed of flattened 

 foliaceous irregular expansions, stelliferous on one side only. 



The recent species are not numerous. We receive them from the 

 Indian Ocean and the South Sea, Qoldfuss refers some fossils to this 

 genus. 



A. cucullata (Ellis and Sol., t 42. f. 1, 2) is an example. 



Tridacophyllia. Animals actiniform, confluent, very depressed, 

 enlarged, and attenuated to a finely crenulated edge ; mouth central, 

 a little tuberculous, but without tentacula ; cells deep, irregular, 

 foliaceous in the borders, lamellato-radiate, and denticulate within, 

 externally and irregularly striated ; the polypiferous mass thus formed 

 is calcareous, foliaceous, not porous, striated, turbinated and fixed at 

 the narrow part. 



Lamarck included the principal species (T. Lactuca) in his genus 

 Paronia ; another he named Erplanaria atpera. 



T. Lacluca (Ellis and Sol, t 54) is an example. 



Mvnticularia. Animals unknown, contained in cells imperfectly 

 circumscribed, sometimes even confused or confluent : the lamella- of 

 these cells are very prominent, very distinct, rather numerous, and 

 diverge from a tubercle ; the union of the cells ii marginal and in one 

 surface; the polypidom is calcareous, very lacunose and polymor- 

 phous : sometimes it encrusts other bodies, is agglomerated into a heap, 

 or spreads in sinuous expansions, striated externally. 



This genus of Lamarck is supposed to be identical with Ifydnopora 

 of Fischer. The recent species are from the Indian seas. Mr. Lousdalo 

 refers a fossil species of the Silurian system to this genus. 



M. exeta (Sol. and Ellis, t. 49, f. 3) may be taken as an example. 



Pawnia. Animals without tentacula; the cells which contained 

 them confluent, conical, small, rather oblique, furnished with many 

 very close lamella] disposed irregularly, though sometimes in series ; 

 the polypidom thus composed is solid, fixed, running into various 

 agglomerations and expansions, with sharp edges. 



The recent species are from the East and West Indian seas. The 

 few fosail species are from Transition and Oolitic Formations. 



P. bokliformi* (Ellis and Sol, t. 32, f. 3, 4) is an example. 



J'armtia bolrtiformit. 



The following genera, namely, Ailnra, Echiruutraa, Brancliattrcea, 

 and Oculina, are grouped by De lilninville under tho sub-sectional 

 title of Madr attract : 



Aitnea. Animals short, more or less cylindrical ; mouth rounded, 

 placed in the midst of a disc covered with few and rather short 

 tantncula ; colls shallow, lamella; radiating, and forming by their uni> n 

 n fixed polymorphous polypidom, which often encrusts other bodies, 

 or is agglomerated on itself. This great genus is divided into the 

 following sections. 



Section A, Attneoida of Quo! and Oaimard. Stars round and often 

 disjoined. 



A.calycularii (CaryophUlia calyculara of Lamarck), from the Medi- 

 terranean, is an example. 



Section II. Meondriniform JWratf. Stars distinct, unequal, oblong, 

 more or less diffluent, forming encrusting or agglomerated mosses. 



A. I'm may be taken as an example. 



Section C. Otmmtulrira. Stars circular, very distant, prominent, 

 and forming encrusting mil mitt 



These are chiefly fossil. 



A. Lufniiana, Defr., from the Oolite of Beannoofl, if) an example. 



Section D. Tubattrcea. Cells tubular, vertical, more or less distant, 

 with a round opening, the edges being hardly prominent, and radiated 

 by a moderate number (12 to 24) of complete lamella;. This section 

 includes many recent and fossil species. 



A.faveolata (Ellis and Sol., t. 53) may be taken as an example. 



The animal is described by Quoy and Oaimard. 



